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Show "r"; OfCOMMON-WEALTH. CthJS all, and performed by the firength of them all , in him united. But when an Aifembly of men is made SoveraignC-t then no man imagi- neth any fueh Covenant to have paft in the I‘nflitution; for no man is fo dull as to fay, for example, the People of Rome,~ made a Covenant with the Romans, to hold the Soveraigntyon inch or fuch con- ditions; which not performed, the Romans might lawfully ,depofc the Roman People . That men fee not the reafon to be alike in a to his Covenant, and therfore unjufily . And whether he of t ie Congregation , or n0t 5 and whether his confent be asked, be or not, he mull either fubmit to their decrees, or be left in the condition of warre he was in before-, wherein he might without injuf'tice be defiroyed by any man whatfoevcr . ‘77,, Saw Fourthly,becaufe every Subject is by this Inf'titution Author of Mimi/1H,- all the Afiions, and judgments of the Soveraigne Initituted 5 it fol» oar‘ltmoi In lowes, that whatfoeve r he doth, it can be no w/m decaf jee‘ts, nor ought he to be by any of them injur to any of his Sub- of Injui'cice . For "‘"TV‘b-"Mé‘ he that doth anything by authority from accufed] another, doth therein no "‘1 injury to him by whole authority he afieth: But by this Infiitution ofa Common-wealth , every particular man is Author ofall the SO‘ veraigne doth , and confequently he that complaineth of injury i y‘ a I t ‘ i : l a; l ‘1 t J i to be trufled withall, in fpeaking to Multitudes of eople; and who '2 5‘ ""3 " fliall examine the Doétrines of all bookes befOre t ey be publifhed. ' ' For the Actions Doétrine, nothing ought to be regarded but the Truth; yet this is not repugnant to regulating of the fame by Peace, For Doétrine re- trar i Sixtly , it is annexed to the Soveraignty, to be Judge of what 0- And [Mtge af pinions and Doctrines are averfe , and what conduCing to Peace; what Doe}and confeque ntly, on what occafions, how farre, and what, men are rim 4",]?! they defpair to enjoy . ‘ . . 3 No mm T hirdly , becaufe the maior part hath by confenting V‘OICCS decla- "KW/WI red a Soveraigne; he that diffented muft now confent With the relt; "4""7'" that is be contented to avow all the ae‘tions he {hall do, or elfe juflly "9""; e deitroyed by the refl. For if he voluntarily entered into the Con- r/Wd 47"" to , or make Proteflation againft any of their Decrees , he does con""1" W" from his Soveraigne, complaineth ofthat whereof e himfelfe is Author 5 and therefore ought not to accufe any man but himfelfe, no nor him= felfe ofinjury; beeaufe to doinjury to ones felfe is true that they that have Soveraigne power, may , is impoflible . It commit Iniquity; ,_ "1", p;- but nor Injuitice , or Injury in the proper fignification , mil}: 50- ; Fiftly , and confequently to that which was fayd laft, no man that 1'03"ch hath boveraigne power can iuftly be ut to death , or otherwife in awhiff-27‘! . ny manner by his. Subjects puniihe . For feeing every Subject is {"315 E," Author ofthe aftions of his SOVCI‘HIgI‘lC; 1.. . ‘1 , . he puniiheth another for . . ._ ‘ the actions committed by himfelfe 3 6. 77:: Sam. And becaufe the .End ofthis Infiitution, is the Peace and Defence 05 i/ilii'rhfivlm iii?" all-,and‘whoioever has right to thehnd,has right to the Meansut ." iEE-ui/im ongeth of Riglit,to whatfoever Man,or m. I MPH" Vermgmyito be Judge both ofthe meanes Aifembly that hath the 50" of Peace and Defence ; and 1m, .1,‘,,-,,"(, a o of the liindranees,;ind diitutbances ,. 1:11 Sh," «31,. ever he [hall think neceffary of the fame-,and to do whatfo- to be done,both before hand, for the‘pre- iervmg of Peace and Security,by prevention of Difcord at home,:1nd Hofiility 9‘: the recovery ofthe fame . And therefore , of men proceed from their Opinions; and in the wel governing of Opinions, confil'teth the Well goVerning of‘mens ACti- o/I't/x Sm- by this will ( and therefore tacitely covenanted ) to Rand to what the "it/we de- major part fliould ordayne: and therefore if he refufe to Hand there- i E efco MMO N-WE A L TH. Chasz. Hoflili-ty from abroad -, and , when Peace and Security are loft , for Monarchy, and in a Popular Government, proceedeth from the am bition of fome, that are kinder to the goverment of an Affembly , whereofthey may hope to participate , than of Monarchy , which i:;£:,::n greoation ofthem that were affembled, he fufliciently declared there- 9 ,4" 2, ms, in order to their Peace, and Concord. And though in matter of ugnant to Peace,can no more be True, than Peace and Concord can be againfl the Law of Nature. It is true, that in a Common-wealth, where by the negligence, or unskilfullnefle of Governours , and Teachers, falfe Doétrines are by time generally received; the contrary Truths may be generally" offenfive: Yet the mofl: fudden , and rough bufling in of a new Truth, that can be, does never breake the Peace, but only fomtimes awake the Warre . For thofe men that are [0 remiifely governed, that they. dare take up Armes, to defend , or introduce an Opinion , are {till in Warre; and their condition not Peace, but only a Ceffation of Armes for feare of one another ; and they live as it were, in the procinas ofbattaile continual! _ , It belong- eth therefore to him that hath the Soveraign Power, to ‘e Judge, or. confiitute all Judges ofOpinions and Doé‘trines, as a thing neceffary to Peace; therby to prevent Difcord andCivill Warre. Seventhly, is annexed to the Soveraigntie , the whole power of 7 The Rig/,1: refcribing the Rules, whereby every man may, know, what Goods ofmakirig he may enjoy, and what Actions he maydoe, wtthout being moleited $127313:by any of his fellow Subjects : And this is it nien call ProprzeX‘, For ejflmmflm before conflitution of Soveraign Power (as hath already been ewn) 'r] mm, knew all men had riOht to all things 5 which neceffarily caufeth Warre: "I," ,kfib" and therefore this Proprietie, being necefl'ary to Peace, and depend- owm', 41 nn 0. ing on Soveraign Power, is the Act of'that Power, in order tothe tber Sxiéichi publique peace . Thefe Rules of Pro riety (or Mann and Taum ) and 6:; £552: of Good, Evil], L41vfl/l,and tin/#1110154)" in the actions ofSubieéts, are itfnim him. the Civill Lawes, that is to fay, the Lawes ofeach Commontwealth in particular; though the name ofCivill Law be now reflrained to _ the antient Civill Lawes ofthe City of Rama, which being the head ofa great part ofthe World, her Lawes at that time were in thefe parts the Civill Law . . ‘ . _ 8 To 1m 41- Eightly, is annexed to the Soveraigntie, the Right of Judicature; [0 Mange") that is to fay, of hearing and deciding all Controverfies, which may ,1), Rite")! of arife concerning Law, either CiVill, or Natural l, or concerning Fact. 411fight-attire For without the decifion of Controverfies, there is no prorection of and dmfim one Subjecr, againit the injuries of another 5 the Lawes concern ing 0f CWW" Mum and T1mm are in vaine -, and to every man remaineth,from the naturall and neceffary appetite of his own confervation,‘ the right wry" -‘ of protecting hinifelfc by his private firength, which is the conditior; or |