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Show ‘ , _ . . ".4", . -_ «A . 4 .t f. ' "4:. I 9' A . x; ‘"a." .9. 4 , ‘9. "word. m.mm _ , ,,_ . , . I 4 f (Per m' to 4": ‘ _ _ is againft reafon. For it any A fault of a. man, be fulficrcnt to dilcharge . our Covenant made -,the lame ought in reafon to have been fufiici- are made. jzrflice of cut to have hindred the making ofit. flit: ofAcii- ‘ --.v-~ m:-W".,,w‘-r‘\._. ".1 and Violence, are Injuries tothc Perfon ofthe Common-wealth. who; "(my The names of jult, and Injuft, when they are attributed to Men, fignifie one thing 5 and when they are attributed to Actions, another. When they are attributed to Men, they fignifie Conformity, or Inconformity of Manners, to Reafon. But when they are attributed to Aé‘tions, they fignifie the Conformity, or Inconformity to Reafon, not of Manners; or manner of life, but of particular Aétions. A Juli man therefore, is he that taketh all the care he can, that his Actia ons may be all Jufi :and an Unjuft man, is he that me leéteth it. And fucli men are more often in our Language i‘tiled %y the names of Righteous, and Unrighteous; then Juft, and Unjuft; though the meaning be the fame. Therefore a Righteous man, does not lofe that Title,by one, or a few unjuft Actions, that proceed from fudden Paf- lion, or miftake of Things, or Pei‘fons : nor does an Unrighteous man, lofe his character, for fuch Aétions, as he does, or forbeares to do, for feare :becaufe his Will is not framed by the Jufiice, but by the apparent benefit of what he is to do. That which gives to humane Aétions the relifh of Jufiice, is a certain Nobleneffe or Gall lantneffe of courage, ( rarely found,) by which a man fcorns to be q"4 AfimmWn-d. .- < ' c caufe the detaining of Debt, is an Injury to themfelves ,_ but: Robbe ry ward that is then to be given to breach of Faith -, but onely a beliefe grounded upon other mens faying , that they know it fupcrnaturally, or that they know thofe, that knew them, that knew others, that knew it fupernaturally-7 Breach of Faith cann0t be called a Precept of Reafon, or Nature. our tic/Mr. -_ naturall knowledge of mans eitate after death ,-, much leile of there. CIMPJS'. 0f M) N. Others, that allow for a Law of Nature, the keeping of Faith, do (iv-"WU "0' tit/6'3"" nevertheleffe make exception of certain perfons 3 as Heretrques, and fife/'23!» fuch as ufe nm to performe their Covenant to others 3 And this alfo 1118);. 0" la. - merit to kill, 01' depofe, or rebell againl't, the Soveraigne Pgwey conflituted over them by their own confent.) But becaufe there is no 02-4.: 5,. Part I. OfMA N. wealths,private men may remittoone another their debts, but not robberies or other violenccs, whereby they are endammaged; be:- 74" Pint r; beholding for the contentment of his life, to fraud, or breach ofpro" mife: This Juflice of the Manners, is that which is meant where juitice 15 called a Vertue; and Injufiice a Vice. III/Fire of filament, and Inflic: 9f A 2/ mm. 3 But the IEunice of Actions denominates men, not Jufl, but Gui/r- lcflc : and t e Injuftice ofthe fame, (which is alfo called Injury ) gives them but the name of Guilty. 3 Again, the] njufliee of Manners, is the difpofition, or aptitude to dolnjurie; and IS lnjuflice before it proceed to Act, and without iuppofing any'individuall perfon injured. But the lnjuflice of an Action, (that is to fay Injury,) fuppofeth an individuall perfon JnjU‘ lCd -, namely him, to whom the Covenant was made : And therefore many times the injury is received b one man , when the dammaoc redOundethtoanother. Aswhent e Mailer commandeth his fei- vant to give mony to a (hanger, if it be nor done, the Jnjurv is done to the Mailer, whom he had before Covenanted to obey 5 but tllf dlsllllugc redoundeth to the (hanger, to whom he had no Obligation; 3" "mm" ‘OUld 50‘? Inlui‘e him. And f0 alfo in Commoir health» Whatfoever is done to a man, conformble to his own Will figni- Nothing ed to the doer, is no Injury to him. For if he that doeth it, hath not aim '0 4 _ paired away his originall rightto do what he pleafe, by fome Ante- "7""; If} 17? cedent Covenant, there is no breach of Covenant, and therefore :7:[7:07:1er no Injury done him. And if he have -, then his Willto have it don-e r}; j' being fignified, is a releafe of that Covenant : and lo again there 15 no Injury done him, _ Juilicc of Actions, is by Writers divided into Commutative, and jllflfl? Com-I Di/friézrtiw : and the former they fay confifieth in proportion "firms?" Arithmeticall -, the later in proportion Geometrical}. Commutative D5/?"mm= therefore, they place in the equality ofvalue of the things contraétei for , And Diilributive,in the diflribution of equall benefit, to me of equall merit. As if it werclnjufiice to fell dearer than we buy; or to give more to a man than he merits. The value of all things contrat‘ked for, is meafured by the Appetite of the Contractors : and therefore the jufi value, is that which they be contented to give. And Merit ( befidesthat whiehis by Covenant, where the performance on one part, meriteth the performance of the orher part, and falls under juitice Commutative, not Diiltibutive, ) is not due by Juflicc; but is rewarded of Grace onely. And therefore this diflzinétion, in the fenfe wherein it ufeth tobe expounded, is not right, To fpeak properly, Commutative juflice, is the Jufiicc of a Conttaétor -, that is, a Performance of Covenant, in Buying, and Selling 5 Hiring, and Letting to Hire -, Lending, and Borrowing 5 Exchanging, Bartering, and Other aCts of Contraét. And Diflributive juiliee,the Jufiice of an Arbitrator, that is to fay, the act of defining whatisjuit. Wherein, (being trufled by them that make him Arbitrator,) if he performe his Trufl, he is find to diflribute to ever man his own : and this is indeed Jufl Diftribution, and may be callbd (though improperly) Difiributivc juflice; but more properly Equity -, which alfo isa Law of Nature, as {hall be llieivn in due place. As jufiice dependeth on Antecedent Covenant -, fo does GRAT 1- 7-5, fwrrh r ti o t depend on Antecedent Grace -, that is to fay,Antecedent Fi‘e'e- Lm 0f Na- gift : and is the fourth Law ofNature -, which may be conceived in We, gran:- this Forme, 777.1: a 7mm Whit/l receiver/1 Benefit from mat/Jar of weer "Id"t‘i'mt‘e, Endeutm/r that he whit/)gi'vct/I it, have m reafaizable (drift to repent him ofhis good will. For no man giveth, but with intention of Good to himfelfe ,becaufe Gift is Voluntary-7 and of all Voluntary Actsahe Objeft is to every man his own Good -, ofwhich ifmen fee they ihill be fruilrated, there willbe no beginning ofbenevolence,or fruit ~, nor conleipiently of mutuall help -, nor ot‘reconciliation of one man to another, and therefore they are to remain {till in the Condition or War ,‘which is contrary to the hill and Fundamentall Law of Na- ture, it high commandeth men to Seek Peace. The breach of this Law, L is" |