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Show pm}. of C 0 MMO N-WE AL TH. cl;.:p.17. on the one lide or the other, make the advantage of {trength (0 great, asis fuflicient to carry the Victory; and therefore gives encourage- ment to an Invafion. The Multitude fufliCient to confide in for our Seeurit , is not determined by any certain number, but by comparia {on wit the Enemy we feare ; and is then lui'hCient, when the odds of the Enemy is not of f0 vifible and confpicuous moment, to determine the event ofwarre, as to move him to attempt: . ' N0" fm" " And be theTe never (0 great a Multitude, yet If their actions be great "'4' directed according to their particular judgements, and ptrticular apZiggy/hi? petites, they can eitpec‘t thereby no defence, ' nor protection, neither a»; 5mm. "mil; é againlta Common enemy, nor againft the lnjtll‘lCS of: one another. For beino diltrac‘ted in opinions concerning the belt me and applica. tion of their Prrength, they do not help,btit hinler one another 5 and reduce their firength by mutuall oppofition to nothing : whereby they are eafily, not onely fubdued by a very few that agree together, but alfo when there is no common enemy, they make war-re upon each other, for their particular interefls. For if we, could luppole a great Multitude of men to confent in the obfervation of Juflice,and other Lawes of Nature, without a common Power to keep them all in awe ; we micht as well fuppofe all Man-kind to do the fame .1 and then there neither would be, nor need to be any Civill Government, or Common-wealth at all-7 becaufe there would be Peace without fubjetftion. And 11m mama/1]. Nor is it enough for the fecurity, which men defire ll‘JOUl-(‘l lail all the time of theirlife, that they be governed, and dii‘edted by one judgement, foralimited time t, as in one Battell, or one Warre. For though they obtain a Viétory by their unanimous endeavour againll a forraign enemy ; yet afterwards,when either they enemypr he that by one part is held for an enemy, have no common held for a friend, they mull needs by the differenceis b another part 0 their interefis diflblve, and fall again into a Warre amongl'c themfelves. H'hycermin It is true, that certain living creatures, as Bees, and Ants, live foci("rear/Ire! ably one With another, (which are therefore by Ari/lode numbred W'HJW "7- amongfi Politicall creatures ; )and yet have no other direction, than 57:15:12: their particular judgements and appetites-7 nor fpcech, whereby one My, ,m g, of them can fihgnihe to another, what he thinks expedient for the Soc:c:},w,~zli- comrnonbene t out/m] on- know, wh mt: ‘Pant'r. :- and. therefore fome man may perhaps delire to Man-kind cannot do the fame. To which I anfiver, flit", t rat men are continually in competition for Honour and Dignity, which thefe creatures are not, and confequently amongll: men there arifeth on that ground, Envy and Hatred, and finally Seeondlyahat amongil thele creatures,the Common good diff‘crcth n0t from the Private Warre 3 but amongll thefe not f ,and being by nature enelined to their private, they procure thereby the common benefit. But man) whole Joy cone iflct iin comparing himfelfe with other men, can reliih not hina but what is eminent. D Thitdly, that theie creatures , having not ( as man ) the ufe of reafun, do not 166, not think they fee any fault3 in the adminiflration of t their Part 2. OfCOMMON-WEALTH, "42"17' their common bufineffe: whereas amongft men, there are very many, that thinke themfelves wifer , and abler to govern the Publiq ue, bet- ter than the tell; and thefe firive to refbrme and innovate, one this way, another that way, and thereby bring it into Diffraction and Civill warre . Fourthly , that thefe creatures , though they have fome voice , in makin knowne to one another their defires , and ufe of al'fections -, yet they want that art of words, by which fome menother can reprefenttoothers, that which is Good, in the likenef fe of Evill; and Evill, in the likenefle of Good, and augment, or diminifh the apparent gi‘eatnefle of Good and Evill; dilcontenting men, and troubling their Peace at their pleafure . Fiftly, irrationall creatures cannot diflinguifh betweene Dammage, and therefore aslong as they beat eafe , they Injury,and are not of- fended with their fellowes: whereas Man is then molt troubl when he is molt at eafe: for then it is that he loves to fhew efome , dome, and controule the Actions of them that govern his Wife the Com- mon-wealth . Lallly, the agreement of the fe creatures is Naturall; that is by Covenant only, which is Artificiall: and therefore it ofmen, der if there be fomwhatelfe required(befides Covenant)is no won‘ their Agreement confltant and lalling; which is a Common to make Power, to kee them in awe , and to diree‘t their actions to the Common Bene t . The only way to ereét inch .1 Common Power, as may be able to 7‘1» generadefend them from the invafion of Forraigners, and the injurie s of one the 0f a another, and thereby to fecure them in fuch fort, as that by their ("mm"owne induflr ie, and by the fruites of the Eaith, they may nourilli "ml/"6" themfelves and live contentedly -, is, to conf'erre all their power and {li‘ength upon one Man, or upon one Aflembly ofmen, duce all their Wills, by plurality of voices, unto one that may reWill: is as much as to lay, to appoint one Man, or Allembly of which men, to beare their Perfon; and every one to owne , and acknowledge him- felfe to be Author ofwhatfoever he that {0 beareth their Perfon, {hall A6}, or catile to be Aetedan thole things which concer ne the Com- mon Peace and Safetie; and therein to lubmit their Wills, every one tohis Will, and their judgements,to his Judgment. This is more than Contempt Concord; it is a reall Unitie of them the fame Perion, made by Covenant ofevei'y man withall, in one and‘ in {rich manner, as if every man {liould fay to every man,every man , I Authmjé andgwe up my Right qf Cumming my felfe, to this Man, or to this Aflemhly of men, 071 this form/man, that though/e up thy Right to him, 472d Amharije all his Afliom in like mariner , This done, the Multitude {o united in one Perfon, is called a COM MON-W E a I. 'r H, in latine CIV i TA s . This is the Generation ofthat teat Lav IAT HAN , or rather ( to fpeake more reverentl ) 0 that Mortal! Goal , to WhiCh "'66 owe under the Immorta/l God , our peace and defence. lor by this Authoritie , given him b every particular Common-Wealth, he hath the Life of {0 much Power man in the and Strength conferred |