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Show i230. M, ,, of c o M MO N-WIS A L TH. Chap. 30 knowledge from the Llniveriities, and from the Schooles of Law, or from the Books, which b men eminent in thofe Schooles, and Uni: verfities have been publii ed. It is therefore manifeft, that the Infirut‘lion of the people, dependeth wholly, on the right teaching of Youth in the Univerfities. But are not ( may fome man fay) the UniVerfities of England learned enough already to do that 6 or is it you Will undertake to teach the Univerfities 6 Hard queflions. Yet to the firit, Idoubt not to anfwer;that till towards the later end of Henry the eighth, the Power of the Pope, was alwayes upheld againfi the Power of the Common-wealth, principally by the Univerfities; and that the doctrines maintained by {0 many Preachers, againft the Soveraion Power ofthe King, and by fo many Lawyers, and others, that hadDtheir education there, isa fulficient ar ment, that though the Univerfities were not authors of thofe fal e doftrines, yet they knew not how to plant the true. For in fuch a contradiflion ofOprnions,it is molt certain, that they have not been lufliciently initru- cited; and 'tis no wonder, if they yet retain a reliili of that l'ubtile li~ quor, wherewith they were firfi feafoned, againl't the Civill Authority. But to the later queftion, it is not fit, nor needfull for me to fay either I, or No : for any man that fees what I am doing, may eafily perceive what I think. The fafety of the People, requireth further , from him, or them that have the Soveraign Power, that juflice be equally ad- miniftred to all degrees of People-7 that is, that as well the rich, and mighty, as poor and obfcureperfons, may be righted of the injuries done them; {0 as UK great, may have no greater hope of impunity, when they doe violence, diflionour, or any Injury to the Part 2 . OfCOMMON-WEALTH. Clmpgo. iSt To Email Jultice, appertaineth alfo the Equal! impofition of Earl»!!! r0351". Taxes 2 the Equality whereofdependeth not on the Equality of ri~ 1 clues, but on the Equality of the debt, that every man oweth to the Common-wealth for his defence, It is not enough, for a man to la- bour for the maintenance of his life -, but alfo to fight, (if need be,) for the fecuring of his labour. They muf'tcither do as the Jewes did aftertheir return fromcaptivity, in re-edifying the Temple , build with one hand, and hold the Sword in the other 5 or elfe they muf‘t hire others to fight for them. For the Impofrtions. that are layd on the People by the Soveraign Power, are nothing elfe but the Wage-s, due to them that hold the publique Sword, to defend private men in the exerciie of feverall Trades, and Callings. Seeing then the bene fit that every one receiveth thereby, is the enjoyment of life, which is equally dear to ‘ 001‘, and rich -, the debt which a poor man oweth them that defend is life, is the fame which a rich man oweth for the defence of his ', faving that the rich, who have the fervice of the poor, may be debtors not onely for their own perfons, but for many more. Which confidered, the Equality of Impofition, confifieth ra- ther in the Equality ofthat which is confumed, than of the riches of the palms that confume the fame. For what reafonis there, that he whichlaboureth much, and {paring the fruits of his labour, confumeth little, {hould be more charged,then he that living idlely, getteth little, and fpendeth all he gets -, feeing the one hath no more prote- é‘tion from the Common-wealth, thenthe other 2' But when the lm» pofitions, are layd upon thofe things which men con fume, every man payeth Equally for what he ufeth : Nor is the Common-wealth de- frauded, by the luxurious walk of private men. And whereas many men,by accident tinevitable, become unable Pith/L716 meaner fort, than when one of thefe, does the like to one of them: For in this coniiileth Equity, towhich, as being a Precept of the to maintain themfelves by their labour ,they ought nor to be left to C/W‘W Law of Nature, a Soveraign is as much ftibjet‘l, as any of the mea- as the necellities of Nature require, by the Lawes of the Common- nefl of his People. All breaches of the Law, are offences avainit the Common-wealth:butthere be fome, that are alfo again private Perfons. Tho& that concern the Common-wealth onely, may Without breach of Equity be pardoned -, for every man may pardon what 1§ done againft himlelfc, according to his own difcretion. But an or? fence againfl a private man, cannot in Equity be pardoned, without the content of him that isinjured, or reafonable latisfaction. The lnequalityof Subjects, proceedetht‘rom the Acts of Sove- raign Power 3 and therefore has no more place in the prelEnce of the Soreraign ; that is to fay, in a Court of juflice, then the Inequality between Kin«is,andtheir Subjects, in the pretence of the King or Kings. The honourof great Perfons, is to be valued for their bEnt‘ ficence,and the tiydt‘sthey give to men of inl‘eriour rank, or not .2! all. And the violenccs, opprellions, and injuries they do, are not extenuated, but aggravated by the greatnelle of their pcrions, becaui: they have leail need to commit them. The couiequcnccs ot‘ this partiality towardsthe great~ proceedin this manner. Impunity makcth lniiilencc; lnl‘olence Hatred; and Hatred, an Endeavour to pull downsllopprt'lling and contuiiit‘lmns gt'eatntllE. though with the mine of the Co‘iuiioitwealth. 'l I the Charity of private perfons ; but to be provided for, (as far-forth wealth, For as it is Uncharitableneil'e in any man, to neglect the' im- potent -, to it is in the Sove raign of a C ommon-wealth, to expofe them to the hazard of iuch uncertain Charity. lititl‘or fuch as have {trong bodies, the cafe is otherwife : they are 7' nation to be forced to work; and to avoyd the excufe of nor finding em- afldlcmfl l'. ployment, there ought to be fuch Lawes, as may encourage all man- ncroi Arts 3115 Navigation, Agriculture, Fifhing, and all manner of Manrihcture that requires labour. The multitude of poor, and yet {irong people flill encreafing, they are to be tranlplanted into Countries not iiiih'ciently inhabited : where nevertheleile , they are not to exterminate thole they find there-,but conftrain them to inhabit Clole r together, and not range a great deal of ground, to thatch what thty rind, but to courteach little Plot with at; and labour, to oive them their l‘ufienance in due fealbn. And when all the world is 0:61" Chargd wrth Inhabitants, then the lait remedy of all is Warre -, which ptot'ideth tor every man, by Victory, or Death. fo l.""‘S the B care,1 of_ the Soveraign, belongeth the making of Good Go V1 Law; a... . uttsiatisa good Law.' Bya Good Law, I mean not :1 MIL A a e. lull |