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Show i no Part 2,}. OfCOMMON-WE AL TH. part2.‘i Clupal. {bed the molt potent oftheir Common-wealth for ten years, thou ht is to deflap ofed: far 'tzfi: commonly held, I at 720 mm is Free in any at/Jer Gawmment.And as Arijt‘otlcfi'o Cicero,and other Writers have grounded their Civill doé‘trine, on the opinions of the Romans, who were taught to hate Monarchy, at firfl, by them that havmg depofed Th: Libertie, whereof there is fo frequent, and honourable men- their Soveraign, (hated amongit them the Soveraignty of Rome -, and afterwards bytheir Succeirors. And by reading ofthefe Greek, and Latine Authors, men frdm their childhood have gotten a habit ( under a falfe fhew of Liberty, ) of favouring tumults, and oflicentious controlling the aetions of their Soveraigns ; andagain of controlling thofe controllers, with the effufion of [0 much blood; as I think I may truly fay, there was never any thing fo deerly bought, as theft: .Weflern parts have bought the learning of the Greek and Latinc tongues. To come now to the particulars of the true Liberty of a Subject; Liam; of that is to fay, what are the things, which though commanded by the 5:15;:er hm Sovcraign, he may nevertheleire, without Injuflice, refufe to do -, we ‘0 5‘ "754"" "mam", isthe fame With that, which every man then fhould have, if there were no Civil Laws, nor Common-wealth at all. And the effects of it alfobe the fame. For as amongft mafierlefie men, there is perpetuall war, ofevery man againft his neighbour 5 no inheritance, has an abfolutc Libertie, to doe what it fliall judge (that is to fay, what that Man, or Aifemblie that reprefenteth it, fliall judge) moit conducing to their benefit. But withall, they live in the condition of a perpetuall war, and upon the confines of barrel, with their fron- tiers armed, and canons planted againft their neighbours round a- bout. The Athenians, and Romanc: were free; that is, free Com- mon-wealths: not that any particular men had the Libertie to reliit their own Reptefentative, but that their Reprefent;itive had the Libertie to refiil, or invade Other people. There is written on the Turrets of the city of Luca in great characters at this day, the word LIBERTAS ; yet no man can thence inferre, that a particular man has more Libertie, or Immunitie from the fervice of the Com‘ monwealth there, than in Canflaminople. Whether a Commonwealth be Monarchicall,or Popular,the Freedome is {till the fame. But it is an eafy thin , for men to be deceived, by the fpecious name ofLibertie; an for want of Jud ement to diitinguiih,miflake that for their Private Inheritance, an Birth right, which isthe right ofthe Publique only. And when the fame errour is confirmed by the authority of menin reputation for their writings in this fub)c&,it is no wonder if it produce fedition,and change of Government. In thefe weiterne parts of the world, we are made to receive our opinions concerning the lnflitution,and Rights ofCommon-wealths, from Artflatle, Cicero, and other men, Greeks and Ronianes, that lgvingunder Pepular States, derived thofe Ri hrs, not from the 11-"WM: of Naturc,but tranferibcd them into t eir books, out of ' " 'i the rrt ' tle puts it down in his Politiqucr, (lib.6.ca ,2.) [a democracy, Liberty whwh wri- tion, in the Hif'tories, and Philofophy of the Antlcr‘f Greeks, and 1m Prat/t. Romans, and in the writings, and difcourfe ofthole that from them " ‘f‘SL‘I'm have received all their learning in the Poliriques, is not the Libertie I] a, 01/!migflm of of Particularmen 5 but the Libertie of the Common-wealth :. which to tranfmit to the Son, nor to expect from the Father 2 no proprie- tyof Goods, or Lands 3 no fecurity; but a full and ablolnt-c Libertie in every Particular man : So in States, and Common-wealths not dependent on one another, every Common-wealth, (not every man) Chapat. the Pratftife of their own Common-wealths, which were Popular ;_‘ as the Grammarians defcribe the Rules of Lianguage,out of the Pra- " (fife oi the time 5 or the Rules of Poetry, out of the Poems of Homer and Virgil. And becaufe the Athenians were taught, (to keep them from deiire of changing their Government,) that they were Freemen,and all that lived under Monarchy were Haves; therefore Ari/la- they committed no Injuitice; and yet they never quefiioned w at crime he had done; but what hurt he would doe: Nay they corn; manded the banifhmentof they knew not whom, and every Citizen bringing hisO iterfliellinto the market place, written With the name of in he de ired fliould be banifhed, without acruall acculing him, fometimes baniflied an Ari/Hales, for his reputation of Juihce; And fometimes a fcurrilousjefter, as Hyperbolm, to make ajeitof it. And et a man cannot fay, the Soveraign People of Athens wanted right to banifh them 5 or an Athenian the Libertie to Jei'r, or tobe uit. The Lam; OfCOMMON-WEALTH; l l are to confidcr, what Rights we paile away, when we make a Com- "4' mon-wealth ; or (which is all one,) what Liberty we deny our felves, by owning all the Actions ( without exception ) of the Man, or Affembly we make our Soveraign. For in the aél: of our Swami/571m, confiiteth borh our Obligation, and our Liberty; which mull: there- fore be inferred by arguments taken from thence ; there being no Obligation on any man,which ariieth not from tome Aé‘t of his own; for all men equally, are by Nature Free. And becaufe {uch arauments, mui‘t either be drawn from the e‘xprefl'e words, I Aurbvri 8 all In; Affiom,or from the Intention of him that fubmitteth himlElfe to his Power, ( which Intention is to be underflood by the End for WiHCil lie {0 fubmitteth ; ) The Obligation, and Liberty of the Subject, is to be derived, either from thofe Words, ( or others equivalent g) or elfe from the End of the Inftitution of Soverai my; name- ly, the Peace of the Subjects within themfelves, andt eir Defence againit a common Enemy, ' Fir-{t therefore, feeing Soveraionty by Inflitution, is by Covenant 51451"?! 'MW of every one to every one; and Soveraignty b ACqulfltion, by Lil"? '0 Covenants of the Vanquiihed to the Victor, or C ild to the Parent ; d‘fl'foébm Itismanifeit, thatevery Subject has Libert in all thofe things, the ZZZ" [Lil/f right whereof cannot by Covenant be trans erred. Ihave {hewn be- mm ‘51,"; ore m the t4.Chapter, that Covenants, not to defend a mans own law/Id] in- boiiy,hai‘esvoyd. Therefore, mad: I ml; . I C overai ncommand a man(thou h ‘uftl condemned to kill, W0und,0r rEa me himfelfe; or not IE reliiit >ihofe that aflzziult ijd'ztgm 501‘ to abfiain tom the ufe of food, ayre, medicine, or any other damp/m, thing, _' |