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Show of M}: N; of MA N. Part I. _ . ~ . Clio/2.4. , t - , ‘. r: ‘ filming of the Confequences or our Thoughts , which b.1ng apt to. CHAP. IV. 0f SPEECHr Orlgtvmll 0f Spare/J. He Invention of Printing, though ingenious, compared with the invention of Letters, is no great matter. But who was the firit that found the ufc of Letters, is not known. He that firlt brought them into Greete,men fay was codmw, the fonne of Agenor, King ofPhoenicia. Aprofitable Invention for continuing the memory of time palt, and the conjunction of'mankind,difperfed into ['0 many, and difiant re ions oi the Earth; and with all difficult, as roceeding from a watc full obfervation of the divers motions of t e Tongue, Palat, Lips, and other organs of Speech -, whereb to make as many differences of charaéters, to re- memberthem. hut the molt noble and profitable invention of other, was that of S r E E c H, confifling of Nome: or flppellzztz'omall ', and their Connexion ; whereby men regilter their Thoughts ; recall them when they are pail ; and alfo declare them one to another for mutuall utility and converfation, without which, there had been amongit men, neither Common-wealth, nor Society, nor Contraét, nor Peace, no more than amongit Lyons, Bears, and Wolves. The firfl author of Speech was Godhimlelf, that infl ruét ed Ada m how to name fuch creatures as he prefented to his ture goeth no further in this matter. But this light; For the Scrip« was fufiicient to direct him to adde more names, as the experien ce and me of the creatures fhonld give him occafion ; and to joyn them in fuch manner by degrees, as to make himfelf underflood , 0 much language might be gotten, as and {o by fucceflion of time, he had found ufe for, thouOh not to copious, as an Orator or Phil ofop her has need of. For I do not find any thing in the Scripture, out of whic h, direétly or by con- fegnence can be gathered, that Ada m was taught the names of all F‘BT'Y‘Sr hinmberg, Meal s, Colours, Sounds, Fanc Relations; 3:514:56 prime: or iure would, and Speech, as .Geriies, ero/l , Special], _. . ~ 3 .2" 7'9, I"? , , Infinitive ml which are uletull 3 and lealt of all, Other infignrficant words of of Entity, Intentionalit} Guido/iii and the [IV 11]? (1,, Spa»; I). ) K i J, But all this language gorten School. rienting was agarnlofi atthe , and augmented by Adam and his 0lbof, fury man was flrrcke tower of Boéel, when by the hand of {1115 ormu language. An n for his rebellion, with an oblivion of d being hereby forced still: mtgfwml plus to difperfe themof the world, it mutt nee {rich ma ds be, that the diyonneronv Pues_ t‘dl ;it now "is, pro ' ceeded by degree an {_ . A} ,asntt (th ‘ s fr i om ' e mo th er of all inventions) taughtth' em, in tTrIn ti dL of time grew them every where more copiou s ‘re 0* ttntta ~- ll ufe. of Speech, ‘ ) is to transferr courle I 0 ‘ ., in' ' , 1 VS ords , and thatio r e 0111' Mentall Dif‘ yne of . ou ‘ r I houg hts i ntoa T raynf: two commodities 5 wher- eof bne is the Re3 giftring flip out of our memor , and put us to a new labour, may again be recalled, by inch wor s as they were marked by. So that the hill: ufe of names, is to ferve for .Mdrées, or Noter of remembrance. Another is, when many ufe the fame words, to fignrfie .( by their cen- nexion and order, ) one to another, what they conceive, or think of each matter ~, and alfo what they defire, feare, or have any other pal": iion for. And for this ufe they are called Signer. Specrall ufes of Speech are thefe , Firit, to Regrfler, what by cogitation, wee find to be the caufe of any thing, prclent or pull ;_and what we find things pref-cm 0r pafi may produce, 01' Cfi‘eC} 2 which I" fumme, IS fquuirmg .Of Arts. Secondly, to thew to others that knowledgewhrch we have attained .7 which is, to Counfell,r and Teach one another. T hirdlv, . . . to make known to others our wrlls, and pur'pofes, that we may have the mutuall help of one another. Fourthly, to pleafe and delight our {51,765, and others, by playing With our words, for pleafirre or ornament, innocently. , A ~ ' To thefe Ufes, there are alto foure corr‘e fpondent Ab‘ufes. Full, 14 [3;] Key when men regiltertheir thoughts wrong, by the inconflfrn'q or the 5/7."; 0/). figtiification ofthelr words 2, by which they regifl'er for men conceptions, that which they never conceived ; and i0 deceive themfelves. 6f Secondly, when they lllC words metaphorically ; that is, in other fenfe than that they are ordained for v, and thereby deceive others. Tlrirdly, when by words they declare that to be their wrll, which is not. Fourthly, when they ule them to grieve one anorher : for ieemg nature hath armed living creatures , iome wrth teeth, lome wrth horns, and form wrth hands, to grieve an enemy, it is but an abufe of Speech, to grieve him with the tongue, unlefle it be one whom wee .are obliged to govern ', and then it is not to grieve, but to correft and, amend. The manner how Speech ierveth to the remembrance of the cone fequence ofcaufes and effects, confilteth in the impoiing of Names, and the Connexion ol‘them. . OfNames, fome are Proper,and fingular to‘nm" onely thing 3 as Fe- Aroma Pro.- ter, Iolm, ‘Thu‘man, thi; Type- . and tome are Common to many things per of Com- 5 as Man) Horfe, 7 ree; every of which though but one Name, rs ‘ne- mm. verthelers the name of divers particular things 3 in refpect or all which together, it is called an finite/fall -, there being nothing in the world Llniverfall but Names -, for the things named, are e Try one of name/off. them Individuall and Singular. One Univerllrll name is impoied on many things,for their iimilitude in fome quality,or other accidentzAnd wheras .1 Proper Name bring- eth to mind one thing t)nely-,Llniver'ials recall any one or‘thofe many. And of Names Univerlall, forne are of more, and tome or leiie extent , the larger comprehending the lelle large : and fome again or equall extent, comprehending each other reciprocally. As For example, the Name Body is of' larger lignification than the word (MM. and comprehendeth it -, and the names Man and Ramona/l, are of equall extent, comprehending mutually one another. But here we}: C 2 mu |