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Show 566 DR. GWYN JEFFREYS ON THE MOLLUSCA OF THE [June 17, Distribution. Circumpolar, and throughout the North Atlantic, Adriatic, Mediterranean to Smyrna, North Pacific to Mexico, Kerguelen Land, 'Challenger' Exp. (New Zealand and Falkland I.); usually littoral or tidal, but occasionally living below the laminarian zone. Fossil. Pliocene and Post-tertiary. Greenland, Iceland, Scandinavia, Great Britain and Ireland, Belgium, S. France, Italy to Ustica I., Labrador and N.E. America southwards to Florida; 0-1360 ft. This very common species has been called by nearly twenty names. It varies greatly in size, from the stunted form (incurvata) to the arctic variety (gigantea), specimens of the latter being nine or ten inches long. 2. MYTILUS PICTUS, Born. Mytilus pictus, Born, Test. Mus. Cses. p. Ill (1778); p. 127, t. vii. f. 6, 7 (1780). ' Porcupine ' Exp., 1870 : Med. St. Capo de Gata, 51, Adventure Bank. Valves only. Distribution. S. W . and S. France, S. Spain, Adriatic, Algiers, Malta, Morocco, W . and S. Africa, Canaries; 0-10 fms. M. africanus of Chemnitz and M. afer of Gmelin. 3. MYTILUS ADRIATICUS, Lamarck. Mytilus adriaticus, Lam. An. s. Vert. vi. p. 112 : B. C. ii. p. 116 v. p. 171, pi. xx vii. f. 4. 'Porcupine' Exp. 1869: St. Loch Foyle. 1870: Atl. Vigo B., Tangier B.; Med. Benzert Road, Adventure Bank. Distribution. Finmark to Malta and Egypt, Adriatic, Canaries; 2-50 fms. Fossil. Pliocene and Post-tertiary. Belfast, Italy. Many synonyms, but all now obsolete. 4. MYTILUS INCURVATUS, Philippi. Modiola incurvata, Phil. En. Moll. Sic. i. p. 72, t. 4. f. 20. 'Porcupine' Exp. 1870: Med. St. 50a. A single living specimen. The byssus is very long. Distribution. Benicarlo in Valencia ; 15 fms. Fossil. Pliocene. Sicily. M y specimen, which I have considered the same species as Philippi's fossil, undoubtedly belongs to the species lately described and figured as 3Iodiola martorelli by Dr. Hidalgo in his excellent work on the marine Mollusca of Spain, Portugal, and the Balearic Isles. Through the kindness of the Abbe Brugnone, I have now had an opportunity of carefully comparing his fossil specimen from Sicily with m y recent specimen from the ' Porcupine' Expedition of 1870 ; and I can see no difference between them, except that the former has a more curved or arched contour. But this is evidently a variable character in the recent form, judging from my inspection at Palermo of a specimen sent by Dr. Hidalgo to the Marquis de Mon- |