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Show 1879.] 'LIGHTNING' A N D ' P O R C U P I N E ' EXPEDITIONS. 571 a fossil state it is the A. aspera of Philippi. I must admit, however, the great difficulty of deciding whether certain species ought to be united or separated. This cannot be attempted without sufficient materials and experience. 4. ARCA TETRAGON A, Poli. A. tetragona, Poli, Test. utr. Sic. ii. p. 137, t. xxv. f. 12, 13: B. C. ii. p. 180, pi. iv. f. 5, 5a; v. p. 176, pi. xxx. f. 6, 6a. ' Porcupine' Exp. 1870 : Atl. St. Vigo B., 26, TangierB.; Med. 55, Benzert Road, Rasel Amoush, Adventure Bank, off Rinaldo's Chair. Distribution. Finmark to Mogador, the Adriatic, Mediterranean, iEgean, Madeira, Canaries, Azores, ' Challenger' Exp. (Fernando Noronhas); 0-450 fms. Fossil. Pliocene and Post-tertiary. Norway, Great Britain and Ireland, Belgium, S. France, Italy, and Madeira, Synonyms rather numerous, but none worth recording. A. tetragona was apparently the small Norwegian species noticed by Linne as resembling A. tortuosa, and to which Muller and Pennant gave the latter name. 5. ARCA NO.E, Linne. A. noee, L. S. N . p. 1140 (partly) ; Poli, Test. utr. Sic. t. xxiv. f. 1, 2. 'Porcupine' Exp. 1870: Med. St. Benzert Road. Distribution. Morbihan and Charente Inferieure, Cadiz, throughout the Mediterranean to Egypt, Adriatic, Red Sea, Teneriffe, N. Carolina to West Indies ; 0-100 fms. Fossil. Miocene and Pliocene. Vienna Basin, S. France, Algiers, Italy, Morea, Rhodes, Cyprus, and the Azores. Marketable and eaten at Spezzia, Venice, Naples, and Malta. 6. ARCA ANTIQUATA, Linne. A. antiquata, L. S. N . p. 1141 (partly): Poli Test. utr. Sic, t. xxv. f. 14, 15. 'Porcupine' Exp. 1870 : Atl. St. Setubal B., 22, C. Sagres, 26, 30, 36, Tangier B.; Med. 10, 55, G. of Bona, Benzert Road, Rasel Amoush, Adventure Bank. Distribution. Mogador and throughout the Mediterranean from Gibraltar to the Sea of Marmora, Adriatic, Red Sea to Madeira, Canaries, N e w England from Cape Cod southwards ; 20-100 fms. Fossil. Miocene and Pliocene. N.W. Germany, Vienna Basin, S.W. and S. France, Barcelona, Malaga, Algiers, Italy, and Morea. This is assuredly the A, antiquata of Poli. Linne founded his species on the wretched and unsatisfactory figures of Bonanni and other antiquated conchologists. It is also in part the A. antiquata of Lamarck; his A. diluvii was described from an Eocene species, and is different. Mayer proposed polii for our shell; but Brugnone says that two species were included under that name. Judging from |