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Show 1879.] MR. W. A. FORBES ON THE AFRICAN ELEPHANT* 429 in both species), a left central lobe (extremely small in E. indicus, but clearly marked off in E. africanus), and a left lateral lobe, of large size in both species. In E. indicus, as may be seen from the figures, the right margin of the liver is slightly notched, apparently marking out the distinction of right central and lateral lobes : in E. africanus, however, there are two such notches, both very shallow and superficial. In both species there is a large area behind the transverse fissure on the under surface of the liver bare of peritoneal covering (indicated by the portion within the dotted lines in figs. 4 and 5). The angulated line of attachment of the suspensory ligament in this species will also be noticed (fig. 3). The liver in m y specimen weighed 131b. 5 oz. : its greatest length transversely was 20^ inches, the greatest breadth (from behind forwards) 16 inches. In Perrault's example it measured 3^ ft. x 2% ft. His figure (pi. 20) is not at all like m y specimen; nor is Mayer's drawing (/. c. pi. v. fig. 1-which, by the way, clearly shows the above-described relations of the suspensory ligament to the large median notch) of that of E. indicus very satisfactory. As in the Indian species, there is no gall-bladder; but the hepatic duct has its epithelium reticulated at the lower end, and is very spacious, measuring 9 inches long by 1| broad. The pancreas is a lobulated, elongated gland, 17 inches long. It opens by a single, wide and short duct (one inch long) into the hepatic duct at the junction of the latter with the wall of the duodenum, through which the common duct is continued for 3| inches. The common duct is provided with distinct circular valve-like folds, exactly as shown by Camper (confl alsoTJr. Mojsisovics's figure, I. c. Taf. vi.), and opens on a slightly raised nipple-like projection on the sides of the duodenum ; its aperture is about ^ inch broad. Like Perrault and Dr. Mojsisovics, I saw nothing of any secondary pancreatic duct opening into the intestine separately from the hepato-pancreatic one, such as has been described by many naturalists (conf. Mojsisovics, I. c. pp. 72, 75) in E. indicus. Spleen.-This viscus was of a very long irregular oval, with the attached margin nearly straight, the other somewhat irregular. It measured 23^ inches by 5\ across1: it was flattened and thin, and of a slaty-grey colour. Thyroid Gland.-This consists of two circular cake-like lobes of considerable consistency, united by a short isthmus. Each lobe measures about 4\ inches in diameter. Heart.-The ventricles were not separated at the apex by any deep groove, such as is noticed by Mayer (I. c. p. 44) and Messrs. Miall and Greenwood (/. c. p. 68) in E. indicus. This separation of the ventricles is probably an individual feature, as neither Hunter (' Observations,' ii. p. 172) nor Vulpian and Philipeaux (as quoted by Miall and Greenwood, I. s. c.) observed it. The fossa ovalis was very deep, admitting the first two joints of the index finger. Hunter also (1. c.) found the remains of the foramen ovale distinct. The ductus arteriosus was of the size of a quill pen, and about one inch long, 1 Perrault gives 3 feet by 7 inches. |