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Show 302 MR. A. H. GARROD ON T H E ANATOMY OF TUPAIA. [Mar. 18, by the side of its companion, at the tip of a small and slender pointed papilla situated just behind the symphysis of the lower jaw. The sublingual glands form a linear chain along the floor of the mouth. The tongue, which is rounded at its tip, is 1*3 inch in length and *35 inch broad, having its margins nearly parallel. Its upper surface is covered with filiform papillse, among which are scattered papillae fungiformes, very much in the same proportion as in the Ruminantia. There are three conspicuous circumvallate papillae, arranged in the usual V-shaped manner. A rudimentary unfringed sublingua exists, which is lanceolate in contour, just free at its margins, and with a strongly marked median raphe. It much resembles the same structure in Cheiromys1. Dr. Cantor says of the same organ in Tupaia ferruginea2 that "on the lower surface of the tongue the frsenum is continued to within a short distance of the apex, in a raised line, on either side of which the skin is thickened, fringed at the edges, and thus presenting a rudimentary sublingual appendage, somewhat similar to that observed in Nycticebus tardigradus, though in Tupaia ferruginea the fringes of the margin only are free, the rest being attached to the tongue, but easily detached by a knife." The palate is transversely grooved, presenting upon its surface seven strong curved ridges, convex forward, and a small median incisor pad at its anterior end. The soft palate is smooth and lengthy, with no indication of the existence of a uvula. The oesophagus has no free course in the abdominal cavity, being embraced by the diaphragm quite close to the cardiac orifice of the stomach. The stomach is subglobose, with the cardiac and pyloric extremities approximate. When laid out flat its circumference is 6*2 inches, the interval between the axis of the oesophageal tube and that of the commencing duodenum being 0*9 inch. The squamous epithelium of the oesophagus does not enter the stomach, but ceases at its orifice, as in man. The gastric walls are simple, except that there are somewhat larger glands, in patches, on the anterior (ventral) surface. The liver has no umbilical fissure, whilst both lateral fissures are strongly marked. There is a cystic fissure, at the bottom of which the fundus of the gall-bladder reaches the diaphragmatic surface of the organ. The left lateral, with its irregular inner margin, is the largest of the lobes ; next comes the right central, on the visceral surface of which the imbedded gall-bladder lies diagonally. The right lateral lobe is slightly larger than the left central, and the caudate lobe but little smaller, whilst the Spigelian is a small sub-circular mass of hepatic tissue supported on a very slender stem. The bile and pancreatic ducts open together into the duodenum half an inch from the pylorus. The walls of the intestines are thin. The small intestine is 29*25 1 Owen, Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. v. pi. 24. figs. 8 & 9. 2 Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 1846, p. 189, vol. xv. |