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Show 424 MR. W. A. FORBES ON THE AFRICAN ELEPHANT. [May 6, glands. The length of each tonsil is about 2 inches. Between the tonsils the root of the tongue is narrowed to about an inch, so that the fauces become extremely small. Between the two posterior pillars a few thin wrinkled folds of mucous membrane run across in front of the epiglottis, forming the "plica palato-epiglottica" of Mojsisovics1. The epiglottis is short, thick, and evenly rounded. I failed to detect any " pharyngeal pouch," such as that described by Dr. Watson2, or even to recognize the " leicht zu iibersehende, seichte Grube," which Dr. Mojsisovics (I. c. p. 60) found as its sole representative in the animal he examined. In other respects my observations on the pharynx closely agree with the descriptions and figure (I. c. Taf. v. fig. 1) of the last-named naturalist, as also with the description of the pharynx by Messrs. Miall and Greenwood in the Indian species (I. c. p. 52). The former, however, does not apparently recognize the subdivision of his "inner" pharyngeal sac (I. c. Taf. v. fig. 1, I) into two by a vertical fold of mucous membrane, which runs from the transverse fold in front backwards to a level with the hinder part of the larynx, and there, after getting deeper, terminates, sending off a fold to the laryngeal mass on one side and to the palato-pharyngeus on the other. Such an arrangement is clearly described by Messrs. Miall and Greenwood (I. c. p. 52) in their subject; but they mention only a single gland in each of the inner chambers, whereas I find that there are several glands on the outer walls only of each of the two innermost chambers of each side. The external chamber on each side is free from glands, as noticed by Dr. Mojsisovics (I. c. p. 62). The relations of the various parts of the hyoid arches to each other, and to the muscles in connexion with them, exactly agree with those that obtain in the Indian species, as first pointed out by Prof. Garrod3. Between the digastric and the stylo-pharyngeus pass the vessels supplying the thyroid glands. Salivary Glands.-The parotid gland is large1; Stenson's duct opens in the cheek in the usual position. The submaxillary gland is small and oval; it measured 2 inches long by f inch deep and l inch thick. Wharton's duct, 8 inches long, opens on each side on a single linear papilla beneath the tongue on the freenum linguee, about 3 inches from the tip. The sublingual is 5 inches long, 1 inch wide, and \ inch thick. It opens by many ducts beneath the tongue. Besides the above glands, which are usually present in Mammalia, there is a large, more superficially situated, gland that lies in front of the angle of jaw on its inner side. This gland is much lobulated, is about 8 inches long, 1 inch wide at its greatest width, and \ inch thick. It opens by many ducts, some situated on raised papillae, in the cheek \ It probably corresponds to the molar glands found in 1 L. c. p. 62, Taf. v. fig. 1, p e. 2 j0Urn. Anat. Phys. viii. 1873, p. 91. 8 P. Z. S. 1875, p. 365, and figure. This was unfortunately damaged in removing the brain; consequently I can give no details. 8 M y friend Mr. W . O.ttley, of University College, was kind enough to help me by dissecting out and measuring these glands. |