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Show 354 PROF. A. H. GARROD O N THE [Apr. 1, lection contained this species as well as Mr. Treacher's; but it was already recorded from the locality by Motley and Dillwyn. 136. STERNA MELANAUCHEN, Temm. Sterna melanauchen, Saunders, P. Z.S. 1876, p. 661. Common in April, May, and June, according to Governor Ussher. 137. ANOUS MELANOGENYS, Gray. Anous melanogenys, Sharpe, Report Trans. Venus Exped., Birds of Rodriguez, p. 10. One adult specimen sent by Mr. Treacher. Native name "Tara tara." I have shown the specimen to Mr. Howard Saunders; and he confirms the identification. 3. O n tbe Conformation of the Thoracic Extremity of the Trachea in the Class Aves.-Part I. The Gallinae. By A. H . G A R R O D , M.A., F.R.S., Prosector to the Society. [Eeceived October 31, 1878.] Inspection of the windpipes of several species of allied birds makes it evident that the bifurcation of that tube to form the bronchi is brought about in different ways in almost every case, by various alterations of greater or less degree in the proportionate development of the several rings and semirings entering into the composition of the organ. In the case of the non-oscinine Passeres, Johannes Muller has proved the great importance of the study of the " lower larynx" or syrinx in the determination of the affinities of the species. In the present communication it is m y desire to continue his line of investigation to other families of the class, laying more stress on the cartilaginous structures, and less on the muscles moving them. Opportunities are specially in favour of m y studying the Gallinae at the present time ; therefore this first fasciculus is an account of the bifurcating windpipe in those species of the Order which it has been m y good fortune to examine. By C. J. Temminck, in his valuable ' Histoire Naturelle Generale des Pigeons et des Gallinace"s' **, several of the windpipes of the Gallinae are figured. These will be mentioned when the respective species are discussed. It is in the Peafowl that the thoracic termination of the trachea is less complicated, as far as m y experience goes, than in any other Gallinaceous bird ; and the arrangement is so simple that it is not easy to imagine one much more so2. In the chick (a month old) of Pavo spicifer (figs. 1, 2) the antepenultimate tracheal ring is free, and agrees with those above it in that the interannular intervals are reduced to a minimum, at the same time 1 Amsterdam, 2 vols., 1813 and 1815. 2 Vide Temminck, loc. cit. pi. i. fig. 2. |