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Show I 288 PISCES. before each dorsal as in Spinax; the pointed jaws projecting as much as the snout, with small pointed teeth in the middle, and very broad rhomboidal ones towards the angles, the ensemble of which resem. hies certain spiral shells. But a single species is known, the Sq. Philippi, Schn., Phil. Voy. pl. 283, and the teeth: Davila, Cat., I, xxii. ' Species without an anal but furnished with spiracles. SPINAX, Cuv. All the characters of a Carcharias, with the addition of spiracles, and distinguished besides by the want of an anal, by several rowsof small trenchant teeth, and by a strong spine before each dorsal. Sq. acanthias, L.; Bl., 85. (The Picked Dog-Fish.) Brown above; whitish beneath. The young, Edw., 288,(1) are spotted with white. CENTRINA, Cuv.(2) The spines, spiracles, and deficiency of the anal as in Spinax; the position of the second dorsal over the ventrals and the shortness of the tail, give it a more clumsy appearance than is presented by any other species. The lower teeth are trenchant and placed in one or two rows; the upper ones are slender, pointed, and arranged in several rows. The skin is very rough. The species most common on the coast of France is the Sq. centrina, L.; Bl. 115. SoYMNus, Cuv.(3) All the characters of the preceding fishes except the dorsal spines. They also are found on the coast of France. .. <1) Add the Sagre, Brouss., (Sq. spinax, L.,) Gunner, Dronth., Mem., II, pl. vu;-the .lliguillat Blainville, Risso, Ed. II, f. 6. N.B. The S<l.UALUB uyatus, Rafin., C~ratt., pl. xi:, f. 2, does not differ from a Spinax, and is probably the &ju.a!UJ s~tnax, L. ~18 DAL.A.TIAS nocturnus, lb., f. 3, is a Spinax whose spiracles escaped hts obse~at10n. . His ETMOl'TERus ac:uleatus, also, appears to me a Spinax drawn from a drted specxmen. This author gives it three branchial orifices, but he only allows the same number to the Squat. angelus, which most certainly has five. {2) Kevrrplr11, the Greek name of this fish, from xevrrpov, sting. It is the Ox no· Tus of Rafin. (3) Scymnua, the Gl'eek name of a Scyllium. CHONDROPTERYGII BRANCIIIIS Jo'IXIS. 289 The Leiclte or Liche, Brouss., called, through a mistake, Sq. american us. ( 1) A species inhabits the arctic seas which is said to be as ferocious and terrible as the White Shark,(2) and the Indian Ocean pt·oduces another, remarkable for the smallness of its first dorsal.( 3) A third, the Sq. ecailleux, Brouss.; Sq. squamosus, Lacep., I, x, 3, under the false name of Sq. liclte, is remarkable for the small raised and crowded scal~s resembling leaves, that cover its entire skin. Its snout is long and depressed. We distinguish those species whose first dorsal is over the ventrals, and the second further back. One of these is completely covered with small spines, the Squale boucle, Lacep., I, iii, 2; Squalus apinosus, Bl., Schn. A second genus may be formed of the ZYG<ENA, Cuv.-SPHYRNA, Raf. Which to the characters of a Carcharias, adds a form of head of which there is no other example in the animal kingdom. It is horizontally flattened and truncated before, the sides extending transversely in branches, which give it a resemblance to the head of a hammer; the eyes are placed at the extremity of the branches, and the nostrils on their anterior edge. The most common species of the European seas, Sq. zygmna, L.; Z. malleus, Valenciennes, Mem. Mus., IX, xi, 1; Parra, 32; Salv., 40; Will., B., 1, is sometimes twelve feet long.(4) (1) Because Gmelin has confounded Cape Breton near llayonne, with another Cape of the same name near Newfoundland. The Sq. niceen, Risso, Ed. I, f. 6, is a bad drawing of the same fish; in Ed. IJ, f. 4, it is somewhat better. The Dalatias aparopltagus, Raf., Car., XIII, '2, must also belong to this genus. (2) It is the pretended Sq. carcltm·ias, of Gunner, Dronth., II, x and xi, and of Fab., Groen., 127, and perhaps also that of Bl., 119, although he gives it an anal. This is probably the place for the Sq. brevipinnis, Lesueur, Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad., I, 122, which forms the genus SolllNiosus of that author, who does not, however, describe the teeth. (3) Leiche Laborde, Quoy and Caym., Zool., lo'reycin. pl. 44, f. 2. (4) Add the species represented by Bl., 117, known by its nostrils, which are placed much nearer the middle (Z. Blocldi, Nob.), Val., Mem. Mus. IX, xi, 2. Its second ~lorsal is also much nearer the caudal:-the broad-headed species under the name ofpantoujlier, Lacep., I, vii, 3. It is the pantoujlier of Risso, Zyg. tudes, Val., Mem. Mus. IX, xii, 1, Koma sorra, Russel, XII, 2:-The true pantoujlier (Sq. tiburo, L., and Val., loc. cit. XII, 2), Marcgr., 181, known by its heart-shaped VoL. ll.-2 M \ |