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Show 188 PISCES. L. carneus, Bl.; L. trimaculatua, L. Bl., 289. Reddish; three black spots on the hind part of the back. L. turdus, Gm.; Salvian. 87. Green, more or less distinct; scattered spots sometimes resembling mother of pearl, some. times brown; ft·equently a nacred band along the flank.( I) L. merula, Gm.; Salvian. 87. Black, more or less bluish; the dorsal of these three species contains from sixteen to eighteen spines. The la.st one is only obtained from the Mediterra· nean.(2) CnEILINus, Lacep. Differs from Labrus, properly so called, in the interruption of the lateral line opposite the end of the dorsal; it recommences a little lower down. The scales on the end of the tail are large and some. what envelope the base of the caudal. They are beautiful fishes from the Indian Ocean.(3) LAoHNOLAIMus, Cuv. The general characters of a true Labrus, but the pharyngeals vetula, Bl., 293, t.o be an altered figure of the same; it is, in the nuptial season, the Turdua perbelle pictua, of Willugh., 322, and the Sparus formosus, Shaw, Nal Misc. (1) I am of the opinion that the Lab. viridis and the Lab.luscus, Lin., are varie· ties of this turdus, which is subject to great changes of colour. The Lab. lliridi1, Bl., 282, is a Julis, Cuv., and differs from that of Linnreus. (2) Add: Lab. americanua, Bl., Schn., or Tautoga, Mitch., pl. iii, 1;-L. heriaal, Lacep., Ill, xx, 1;-L. large queue, Id., III, ix, 3;-L. deux croissants, Id., Ill, xxxii, 2;-L. Diane, Id., III, 1. N.B. The Cheil. aurat"'s, Commers., Lacep,, IV, 433, or the Labrus inermil, of Forsk, (L. Hassec, Lacep.) and Voy. Freycin., Zool., pl. 54, No. 2, is merely a very slender Labrus with flexible dorsal spines. (3) The Cheiline trilobe, Lacep. Ill, xxxi, S, the same as the Sparus chloruru1, Bl., 260;-Sparus radiatus, Bl., Schn., 56;-Sparus fasciatus, Bl., 257, which is ~lso the Labre enneacantlte, Lacep., m, p. 490;-Labrus fasciatua, Bl., 290, which lS al~o the Labre m_al~pteronote, Lacep., lii, xxxi, 1; the figure to which should be ref~tre.d the descr1pt10n of the Labrefuligineux, Id. III, p. 493, but not the fig., whtch IS that of the Mesoprion uninotatus,·-Labrua melagaster Bl. 296 1;-L. di· agra":~e, Lacep., III, 1, 2;-L. lzmula, l~orsk. N.B. The 1 Labrua 1 Scarua, L., ( Che~lme sc~re~ Lncep.) was merely established by Artedi and Linn reus on an equi· voca.l description of Bel on, A quat., 1a t. e d . p. 239, and Obs. p. 21, where J. tJ.s im. · ~ossJ~le. to ascertain even the genus of the fish of which he speaks. The flg. and uescr1pt10n of Rond 1 t lib VI 1 l' e e , · ' cap. 11, p. 164, usually quoted with those ofBe· on, re.er to a totally d'fli fi 1 f · h • 1 erent s l o the genus Sparus, The true Scm·ua oft e Greeks Is another fish, as we shall soon sec. ACANTHOPTERYGII. 189 have no teeth en pave, except at their posterior part, the remainder of their extent as well as a part of the palate being covered with a villous membrane. These fishes are recognized at sight by the first spines of their dorsal, which rise in long flexible filaments. The species known are from America.( 1) JuLis, Cuv. The head entirely smooth and without scales; the lateral line forming an elbow opposite the end of the dorsal. Some species are found in the seas of Europe. J. vulgaris; Labiua julia, L., Bl. 287, f. 1. A small fish remarkable for its beautiful violet hue, relieved on each side by a zigzag line of a rich orange colour, &c. It varies greatly, is the best known of the Mediterranean species, and is also found in the ocean. J. Giojfredi, Risso. A fine scarlet; a black spot at the angle of the operculum; a gilt band along the flanks; inhabits both the Mediterranean and the ocean. J. turaica, Risso. A rich green; a red streak on each scale; the head red, with blue lines; one or more vertical bands of a turquoise blue; a black spot on the pectoral; tail shaped like a crescent; one of the most beautiful fishes of the Mediterranean. Hot climates produce numerous species of this fish, most of which are splendidly and variously coloured. Some of them have a rounded or truncated caudal;(2) the first dorsal rays of others(3) are drawn out into filaments. (1) Lachnolaimussuillus, Cuv.; Ca.tesb., II, xv;-L. caninus, Cnv., Parra, pl. iU, f. 2. (2) Species with a round or truncated tail; Labre pa1·terre, Lacep., III, xxix, 2, the same as the Ecltiquier, ld., p. 493;-L. trilobe, lei. III, iv, 3;-L. teinioure, Lac., ill, xxix, 1, the same as his Spare Mmisp!tere, III, xv, 3, and probably as his Spare brachion, III, xviii, 3;-L. ceinture, Id., lii, xxviii, 1;-Labrus brasilien- 8ia, HI., 280;-L. macrolepidotus, Bl., 284, 2;-L. guttatus, BJ., 287, C:.;-L. cyanocephalus, Bl., 286;-L. malapterus, Bl., 285;-L. chloropterus, Bl., 288;-L. bit•ittatus, 284, 1;-Julis crotapktts, Cuv., Parra, XXXVII, 1;-L. albovittatus, Krehlr., Nov. Com. Pet. IX, 458, and Encycl., 399;-L. mola, Cuv., Russ., II, 120;-L. margaritiferus, Cuv., or Gir. Labiche, Voy. Freycin. Zoo!. pl., f. 3;-L. ornatus, Carmich. Lin. Trans. XII, xxvii. ' (3) The Girelle Gaymard, Voy. Freycin., pl. liv, which is also the Sparus cretua, Forst., and Renard, part. I, pl. ii, No. 11, and part II, 160. N.B. The Coria ofM. de Lacepede established by that naturalist from the drawings of Commerson hav~ turned out to be fishes of the present genu~;~ with truncated tails, the artist havmg neglected to express the separation of the operculum from the preoper· culum. The Coria angult, Ill, iv, 2, appears to be the Labrua malapterus, and the \ I, |
