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Show 230 PISCES. commenc·m g nea r tl1e eye~ or before them, and completing the upper 1 • J· aw. Tl1 c tongue and vomer always smo. oth, bu. t both Jaws a.r e fur-nished with conical teeth; a large suborb1tal, tbm and naked hke the operculum, covers the cheek. . Some of them have a compact range of small teeth m the maxilla-ries and palatines, their first dorsal corresponding to the interval between the ventrals and anal.(l) They inhabit rivers in the torrid zone· their flesh resembles that of the Carp.(2) o:hers have a double row of teeth in their intermaxillaries and lower jaw, and a single one in the maxillaries; but their palatines are edentated. Their first dorsal is above the ventrals.(3) Others again only have a single range in the maxillaries and lower jaw, the teeth being alternately very small and very long, the two second ones below in particular, which, when the mouth is closed, pass through two holes in the upper jaw. Their lateral line is furnished with larger scales, and the first dorsal corresponds to the interval between the ventrals and anal.( 4.) There is a fourth sort in which the snout is pointed and very salient; the maxillaries very short, and furnished, together with the lower jaw and the intermaxillaries, with a single compact range of very small teeth; their first dorsal corresponds to the interval be· tween the ventrals and anal. The entire body is covered with strong scales.( 5) Finally, the only teeth possessed by others are those in the lower jaw and intermaxillaries; they are but few, strong, and pointed. Their first dorsal is above the ventrals. But a single species is known, and it inhabits the Nile.( 6) CrTHARINus, Cuv. A depressed mouth, transversely cleft in the end of the snout, ( 1) It is for this reason that M. de Lace pede placed them among the Osmeri. (2.) Salmo falcatus, lll., 385,-S. odoe, ld., 386;-llydrocyon falcirostris, Cuv., Mem. Mus., V, pl. xxvii, f. 1;-Ilyd.ltepsetus, Cuv., or Hydr. jaucille, Zool. Voy. de Freycin., pl. 48, f: 2. (3) A new species from Brazil, the Hydroc. 7Yreviden.9, Cuv., l\fcm. Mus., V, pl. xxvii, f. 1, or Characinus amazonicus, Spix, XXXV. (4) Another Brazilian species, l!ydroc. scombero'ides, Cuv., Mem. Mus. V, pl. xx~ii, f, 2, or Cynodon vulpinus, Spix, XXVI;-Cynodon gibbus, Id., XXVII. {5) Another species from Brazil, the llydroc. lucius, Cuv., Mcm. Mus., V, pl. xxvi, f. 3, or Xiplwstoma Cuvieri, Spix, XLII. ( 6) The Rosclwl or Watel'·dog ofl.<'orsk, 66, or Clta1'acinus dent ex, Geoff., Poiss., d'Eg., pl. 4·, f. 1, and Cuv., Mem. Mus., V, pl. xxviii, f. J, but which is not, as "Fors· kabl thought, the 8almo denlcx of Ilasselquist-that is the rctii. MALACOPTERYGII AHDO:M:INALES. 231 whose upper edge is wholly fo1·med by the intermaxillaries, and where the small and dentated maxillaries only occupy the commissure; the tongue and palate are smooth, and the adipose fin is covered with small scales, as is the greater portion of the caudal. They inhabit the Nile. Some of them ?ave very small teeth in the upper jaw only, and an elevated body as m Serrasalmus; the abdomen however is neither trenchant nor indented.( 1) Others have several compact rows of numerous slender teeth forked at the end, in both jaws; their form is more elongated. (2) ' SAunus, Cuv. A short snout; the mouth deeply cleft, opening far behind the eyes; edge of the upper jaw wholly formed by the intermaxillaries; sharp pointed teeth along the jaws, palatines, tongue, and phc:~,ryngeals, bnt none on the vomer; eight or nine and frequently twelve or fifteen rays in the branchi~. The first dorsal is a little behind the ventrals, which are large; scales on the body, cheeks, and opercula; viscera similar to those of a Trout. They are salt water fishes, and extremely voracious. One of them, S. sau1·us, L., Salv., 242, is found in the MediteiTanean.( 3) The lake of Mexico produces a second, S. rnexicanus, Cuv., which is nearly transpa1·ent. A third equally diaphanous, with very long flexible teeth, some of which have a sagittiform termination, an extremely short snout and very (1) The $ermsalme citltarine, or Night-Star of the Arabs, Geoff., Poiss. d'Eg., pl. v, f. 2 and 3, ( Citlwrinus Geo.ffrad, Cuv. );-Salmo cyp1·inoi'des, Gronov., Mus., p. 378. (2) The Cltaracin nefasclt, Geoff., lb., f. 1, or Salmo regyptius, Gm.; it is the Balmo nilmicus of IIasselquist, very different from that of Forskahl, which is the raii. (3) Add; 8. saurus, lll., 384, which appears to me to differ from the Mediterranean spccics;-8almo fretens, BJ., 384, 2;-S. tumbil., Dl. 400;-the Osme1·e galonne, Lac., V, vi, 1;-the Salmone varie, Id., V, iii. 3;-thc Osme1·e d bandea~ ~isso, Ed. I, p. 326;-8. badi, Cuv., tBadi motta) Russel, 172;-Salmo myops, }ot'Ster, Ill. Schn. p. 421;-S. minutus, Lesueur, Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad., V, part I, pl. v;-S. conirostris, Spix, XLIII;-8. inte1·medius, Id., XLIV;-S. t1·uncatus, Id., XLV, and several new species to be described in our Icthyology. N.B. The Esox 8ynodus, Gronov., Zooph., VII, 1, Synodus synodus, Schn., Synode jasce, ~ac., appears to be notl1ing more than a Saterus wl1ich had lost its adipose fin; Its extreme smallness renders it easily effaced by friction or desiccation. \ |