Animal Kingdom V.2

Page 179

332 MOLJ ... USCA. is vet'Y injurious to espaliers( 1 ). Thet•c at·e but few persons who have not heard of the curious facts respecting the repro· duction of their amputated parts(2). In others the shell is depressed, that is, the spire is flattened(s). Some of these have ribs projecting internally( 4), and there are others in which the last whorl is suddenly recurved, (in the adult,) assuming an irregular and plaited form( 5). VITRINA, Drap.-HELrao-LrMAx, Feruss. The Vitrinre are Helices with a very thin flattened shell, without an umbilicus; the aperture large, but its margin not tumid; the body too large to be completely drawn into the shell; the mantle has a double border(6), the upper one, which is divided into several lobes extends considerably beyond the shell, and is reflected over it. ' The known European species inhabit wet places, and are very smal1(7). Hot climates produce larger ones. There are some species of Helix, in which the body can hardly enter the shell, although not furnished with this double border, which should be approximated to them(8). (1) Add the Hel. glauca,·-H. citrina;-H. ra!'a;-:-11. castan~a;-H. glo~ltta;­H. lactea;-H. arbustorum;-H. fulva,·-H. epzstylzum;-H. czncta;-H.lzgala;­H. aspersa;-H. extensa;-H. nemorensis;-H. fruticum,·-H. lucena;-H. villa· ta;-H. rosacea,·-H. italia;-H. lusitanica;-H. _aculeata;-H turft~rum;-H. cretacea,·-H. Juscescens,·-H. terrestris;-H. nivea;-IL hortensis;-H. lurorum,- H. grisea;-H. hmmastoma;-H. pulla;-H. venusta;-H picta, Gmel. &c. (2) See Spallanzani, Scha:ffer, Bonnet, &c. (3) Hel.lapicida,·-H. cicatricosa;-H. regoplttalmus;-H oculus capri;-H. aJ. bella;-H. maculata;-H algira;-1L lrevipes;-H. vermiculata;-H. exilis;-H. caracolla;-H. cornu militare ;-lL pellis serpentis ;-H Gualteriana;-H. oculus com· munis;-H· marginella;-H. maculosa,·-H. nrevia;-IL corrugata;-H. ericet~ rum;-H. nitens,·-1L costata;-H. pulcltella;-H. cellaria,·-H. obvoluta;-Jl. sin· gosula;-H. radiata;-H crystallina;-H ungulina;-ll volvulus,·-H. inoolw/11$; -H. badia;-H. cornu venatorium, &c. ( 4) Hel. sinuata;-H. lucerna;-H lychnuchus;-H. cepa,·-JL isognomostoma; -H sinuosa;-H. punctata, &c. (5) Hel. ringens, Chemn., IX, cix, 919, 920, the AxosTOMA of Lam., or Toxo· oEnEs, Montf.; an analogous fossil shell is the STnoPnosToM.A, Deshayes. See, also, pl. v, vi, vii, viii, of Draparn., with the accompanying descriptions; the works of Sturm and Pfeiffer on the German species, but particularly see the spleP· did folio of M. de Ferussac on the "Mollusques terrestres et flu via tiles." ( 6) Termed by M. de Ferussac "une cuirasse et un collier." (7) Hel. pellucida, Mull. and Geoff.; Vitrina pellv-cida, Drap., VIII, 34-37:-tbe Helicarion, Quoy and Gaym., Zool. de Freycin., pl.lxvii, 1; Feruss., pl. ix, f.l-4 1 (8) Hel. ru:fa and brevipes, Fet·uss., Drap., VIII, 26-33. GASTEROPODA PULMONEA. 333 When the ct·escent of the aperture is higher than it is wide a disposition which always obtains when the spire is oblong or el~n-gated, it constitutes the . BuLIMus TERRESTRu, Brug. Which requires a still further subdivision: BuuMus, Lam. Margin of the aperture tumid in the adult, but without denta· tions. _Hot climates produce large and splendid species, some of which are remarkable for the volume of their ova, the shell of which is of a stony hardness; and others for their left shell. Several moderate-sized or small species are found in France one of which, the Helix decollata, Gm.; Chemn., cxxvi, 1254: 1257, has the singular habit of successively fracturing the whorls of the summit of the spire. This is the example referred to, as a proof that the muscles of the animal can be detached from th~ ~hell; for at a particular.epoch, of all the whol'ls of the spire or1gmally possessed by th1s Bulimus, not a single one re­mains(!). PuPA, Lam. Summit of the shell very obtuse; the last whorl, in the adult narro~er than the others, giving it the form of an ellipsoid, 01~ sometimes almost that of a cylinder; the surrounding margin of the apet·tu~e tumid and emarginated on the side next to the spire by the precedmg whorl. Small species, inhabiting wet places, am<fng mosses, &c. Sometimes there is no dentation(2). (1) Add llelix ovalis, Gm., Chemn., IX, cxix, 1020, 1021;-H. obkmga, lb., ~022, 1023;-H trifasciata, Id., CXXXIV, 1215;-H. dextra, lb., 1210, 1212;-H. anterrupta, lb., 1213, 1214;-H., lb., 1215;-H., lb., 224, 1225;-11. perversa, ld., CX and CXI, 928-937;-ll inversa, lb., 925, 926;-1l contraria, ld., CXI, 938, 939;-H. beva, lb., 940 and 949;-H. labiosa, Id., CXXXIV, 1234;-H, Ib., 1232; H., lb., 1231;-H cretacea, Id., CXXXVT, 1263;-H pudica, Id., CXXI, 1042;­H. calcarea, ld., CXXXV, 1226. Bul~ auris Malchi, L., Gm., lb., 1037, 1038, V, lb., 1041. ~ulzmus columba, Brug., Seb., III, lxxi, 61;-Bul.fasciolatus, Oliv., Voy., pl: xv11 ~' f. 5. For the small species of France see Drap!lrnaud, Moll. terr. et fluviat., P .1v, f. 21-32. UI( 2) Bu l z' muslabrosus, Oiiv., Voy. pl. xxxi, f. 10, A, B;-Pupn. edentula, Drap. '28, 29;-Pupa obtusa, ld., 43, 44;-Bul. fusus, Brug.