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Show 2~8 J>ISCES. ANosToMus, Cuv · The .co rm o r a Thymallus and an upper and lower range of sm.a ll teeth; the 1o wer. J· a": v tu med up in front of the. uppe.r one and gtb-bous, so t h at th e 11. t tle mouth resembles a vertical sht on the end of the snout.( 1) GAsTEROPELEous, Bl.-SERPEs, Lacep. The mouth directed upwards as in An~stom~s; b~t the belly is compresse d , · p roJ'ecting' and trenchant, owmg to 1ts bemg suppot·ted by r1' b h' h tet·minate in the sternum; ventrals very small and far S W 1C . · 1 • back; first dorsal over the anal which 1s long; comca teeth m the upper jaw, trenchant and dentated ones in the other.(2) PLAnuous, Cuv. The small head and slightly cleft mouth of the Curimatre; a com· pressed body; the ventral carina trenchant but entire, and a very long anal; the first dorsal opposite to the commencement of the lat· ter.(S) The SERRASALMus, Lacep., Already distinguished by that naturalist, is known by the compressed, high body, and the trenchant a.nd serrated belly, to which characters must be added that of the tr1angular trenchant and dentated teeth. The edentated maxillary passes obliquely over the commissure. There is frequently a horizontal spine in front of the dorsal. The species known are all from the rivers of South America. It is said that they pursue ducks, and even men, while bathing, inflicting severe wounds with their sharp teeth.( 4) TETRAGONOPTERus, Artedi. The long anal, and trenchant, dentated teeth of the Scrr~salmi, and the edentated maxillary passing obliquely over the commissure; (1) Salmo anostomus, L., Gronov., VIII, 2. (2) Gastropelecus sternicla, Bl., 97, 3. (3) Salmo argentinus, Bl., 382, 1; Marcgr., 170;-S. bimaculatus, Bl., 16;-8· gibbosus, Gronov., Mus., I, i, 4;-S. melanurus,BI. 381, 2. ... (4) Salmo rhomboi'des, Ul., 383;-Serras. piraya, Cuv., Mem. Mus., V, pl. xxvw, f. 4;-Serras. mento, Id., lb., f. 3;-Serras. aureus, Spix, XXIX;-S. nigricans, Jd., XXX. MAJ...ACOPTERYGII ABDOMINALES. 229 the mouth howevet• is but slightly cleft, and the abdomen is neither carinated nor dentated.( 1) CHALOEus, Cuv. The same mouth, and t!'enchant, notched teeth as in the preceding subgenus, but the body is oblong and neither carinated nor dentated; very small, round teeth in the maxillary.(2) MYLETEs, Cuv. These fishes are remarkable for their very singular teeth which resemble short triangular prisms, ttounded on the ridge, and excavated on top by mastication, so that three salient points are formed there by the three angles. There are two ranges of these teeth in the intermaxillaries of the slightly cJeft mouth, and a single one in the lower jaw, with two teeth behind; the palate and tongue, however, are smooth. The totally edentated maxillaries are placed on the commissure. Some of them have the elevated figure, the falciform vertical fins forwardly inclined spine, and even the trenchant and notched abdo~ men of the Serrasalmi, to which, but for their teeth, we should certainly unite them. One of them even has a horizontal spine in front of the dorsal.(3) Very large ones, whose flesh is much esteemed, are found in Amel'ica.( 4) Others have an elongated form, the first dorsal being opposite to the interval between the ventrals and the anal. The species known are only found in Egypt.( 5) HYDROOYoN, Cuv. End of the snout formed by the intermaxillaries; the maxillaries .(.1} Tetra~onoP_terus argenteus, Arted., App. Seb. III, pl. xxxiv, f. 3, or Ooregorw, desambotnenszs, Art., Spec., 44, improperly confounded with the Salmo bimaculatua;- Chalcetes fasciatus, Cuv., Mem. Mus., V, pl. xxvi, f. 2;-Serrasalmo chalcetu, Spix, XXXIII, 1. (2) Cha!ceus macrolepidotus, Cuv., Mem. Mus., IV, pl. xxi, f. 1;-0h. opalinua, Id., Ib., V, pl.::rxvi, f. 1;-0h. angulatus, Spix, XXXIV. (3) Myletes rlwmboi'dalis, Cuy,, Mem. du Mus., IV, pl. xxii, f. 3. (4) Add to the preceding species, Myl. duriventris, lb. f. 2;-M. brachypomua, lb 1.,f 1;-.M. macropomus, lb., pl. xxi, f. 3;-M. paco, Humb., Zool. Obs., II, pl. l vu, f. 2. d(S) The Raii of the Nile, which is the Oyprinus dentex, L., Mus. Ad. Fred. and ;h· XII,, or the Salmo dentex, Hasselq., and the S. niloticus, Forsk., and which is Mus twJce found in Gmelin and his successors. It is the Myl. Hasselquistii, Cuv. em. Mus., IV, pl. xxi, f. 2. \ |