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Show 200 PISCES. where it has been excessively multiplied, on account of the splendour and variety of its colours. Cyp. auratus, L., Bl., 93. (The Golden Carp.) Dorsal and anal spines dentated as in the Common Carp. This fish is at first blackish and by degrees assumes that splendid golden red which characterizes it; some, however, are of a silver colour . ' and others again are marked by various shades of the three colours. Individuals are found without a dorsal, others have a very small one; the caudal of a third is very large and is di· vided into three or four lobes; the eyes of a fourth are exces· sively distended; all these accidental changes, which are the result of domestication, may be variously combined.(!) To this group also belongs the smallest of the European Carps, Cypr. amarus, Bl., VIII, 3; La Bouviere, or Peteuse. An inch long; greenish above; of a fine pale yellow beneath; in the spawning season, in April, there is a steel-blue line on each side of the tail; the second dorsal ray forms a tolerably rigid spine. BARBus, Cuv. The dorsal and anal short; the second or third ray of the dorsal formed by a stout spine; four cirri, two on the end of the upper jaw and two at its angles. B. vulgaris; Cyprinus barbus, L., Bl., 18. (The Barbel.) Known by its oblong head; common in clear streams and fish· ponds, where it is sometimes found ten feet in length. B. caninus, Bonnelli; B. plebeius, Val., B. eques, Id.(2), ~~) Such are the Cypr. macrophtalmus, Bl., 410, or the gros yeux, Lacep., V, xvm, 2, the C. quatre lobes, Lacep., lb., 3, and the varieties of the Gold-fish, Dl., 93, 94, &c. See Collection des Dorades de la Chine, Sauvigny et Martinet. Add: Cypr., devarid., Buch., pl. vi, f. 94;-C: catla, Id., pl. xiii, f. 81. (2) Add the Barbels of the Caspian sea: Gyp. mursa~ Guldenst., Nov. Comm. Petrop., XVII, pl. xvili, f. 3, 5;-0. bulatmai, Pall., and the Barbel oftheNile; Cy?. binny,_ Forsk., 71; Sonnini, pl. xxvii, · f. 3, or Cyp. lepidotus, Geoff., Eg., P01ss. du Nil., pl. x, f. 2. _N.B. Bruce, after giving the history of the true Binny, applies to it, through a mistake, the figure and description of a Polynemus, which he must have taken in the Red Sea; hence the ideal species Polynemus niloticus, Shaw. Barbels are also found in India: such are, Cypr. calbasu, lluch., Fishes of the ~anges, pl. 11; f. 33;-C. cocsa, Id., pl. iii, f. 77;-0. Daniconi'us, Id. XV,89;C. kunama, Russ., 204;-0. morula, Buch., XVIII 91·-C ganius, Ib., IV, 82;- 0. Rohita, lb., XXXVI, 85, and several others to be d~scri.bed in our Icthyology; they are also found in America. MALACOPTERYGII ABDOMINALES. 201 neighbouring species from Italy with a weaker spine, but which differ from the Gudgeons in their four cirri. GoBIO, Cuv. The Gudgeons have a short dorsal and anal, without spines and cirri. ~ species. dotted _with. brown,-Cyp. gobio, L., Bl., 8, f. 2, which, notwlthstandmg 1ts smallness, is highly esteemed is found in abundance in the rivers of France; it seldom exc:eds eight inches in length. ( 1) 'frNcA, Cuv. The Tenches present all the characters of a Gobio; very small scales, the cirri also small. There is one of these fishes, Gyp. t·inca, L., Bl., 14, short and thick, of a yellowish brown, found in France, which is only eatable when taken in certain streams, and is sometimes of a fine golden colour,-Cypr. tinea auratus, Bl., 25. It prefers stagn~nt waters. CDlli.HINus, Cuv. The dorsal larger than that of a Gobio; the cirri on the middle of the upper lip. ( 2) ABRAMrs, Cuv. Neither spines nor cirri; the dorsal short and placed behind the ventrals; a long anal. Two species are found in France. .9.. vulgaris; C. brama, L., Bl., 13. (The Common Bream.) The !argest species of this subdivision: there are twenty-nine rays m the anal, and all the fins are obscure. It is a good fish and is very abundant. .11.. blicca; 8. blicca; C. latus, Gm., Bl., 10; La Bordeliere. Pectorals and ventrals reddish; twenty-four rays in the anal; is not much esteemed, being chiefly used to feed other fishes in ponds.(s) C (l) Add Cyp. caP.oeta, Guldenst., Nov. Com. Petrop., XVII, pl. xviii, f. 12;' Yn~, rmuca, Buch. Trav. to the Mysore, III, pl. xxx;-C. bendelesis, Id., lb., pl., " n. vA~) crP· cirrhosus, Bl., 411;-C. mrigala, Buch., pl. vi, f. 79;-0. nandina, Id., '84. B?) Add three fishes which ascend the tributaries of the Baltic: the C. ballerus, s :~·the C. _vimba, L., Bl., 4, and the C. Bttggenlwgii, Bl., 95; and of foreign P Cies, C. cot~s, Buch., pl. xxxix, f. 93. VoL. II.-2 A \ |