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Show Figure 4 ala MSA ACS !;*:• Figure 6 Toronto MtiiKKMfJian Aim ACS ArfmfesJor» AflO < 65 • t«t a. M- If. XrtO 1 14- 1 • 10- '?'*.* •* • • • f '.*¦ * • ¦ i- • 6- 0% *,% tO* *$% ?« Figure 4 shows that eight years earlier (1988), the data showed still less of a relationship between ambulatory care sensitive conditions and levels of income for individuals ages 65 and older. To further analyze the relationship between ACS admissions and income, nine metropolitan areas were analyzed: Seattle-King County, San Diego County, Los Angeles County, New Jersey, Chicago-Cook County, Portland-Multnomah County, and Detroit-Ann Arbor MSA. Most of these metropolitan/urban areas were found to have a similar relationship between ACS admissions and income level. However, there were two major exceptions: (1) Toronto Metropolitan Area, and (2) Miami-Fort Lauderdale MSA. Figure 5 New York City Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions Age 65+ 1988 Adm/IQOOO 2500 r R2x.t23 CoefVar • .312 Lowl/Hlghl- 1.55 Mean ¦ 668.3 20% 40% 60% ^Households Income <S15,000 Source: SPARCS. UHF In the Toronto Metropolitan area there was almost no relationship between income level and hospital admissions. An interesting question is whether or not this is due to Canada's national health insurance. Compare Figure 6 with Figure 2. Figure 6 shows the relationship between ACS admissions and income level in the Miami-Fort Lauderdale area to be substantial, but not as strong as in New York City. Figure 7 Miami-Fort Lauderdale MSA ACS Admissions Age 0-64-1990 35- Adms/iOOO 30- . Other Zips ¦^ R2. .515- 25- 20- 15-10- ___^J Zips > 70% ---------Hisp/Latino r.M 5- 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% % Households Income t $15,000 ¦ Other Zips El Zips > 70% Hisp/Lalino Source: Florida HCCB. UHF, NVU The Miami-Fort Lauderdale area is better understood by distinguishing the areas where the Hispanic/Latino population is concentrated. The rest of the community shows a relationship which comes closer to that in New York City. Figure 7 shows that in the Hispanic/Latino community there is a very weak relationship. This may represent a support system for this community. 146 |