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Show specialized interests that need to be considered. Two of the consultants ( 1.2; 4.2) stressed that these people must be consulted before any kind of development takes place on the lands they own and/ or use. Resource habitats within the areas of proposed impact fall under three different levels of valuation. First, there are places about which consultants acknowledged no special concern. Presuming that their judgements are representative of the Northern Utes, development would be unproblematic from the perspective of a site's natural resources. Second, there are locations where development might proceed as long as specific and valued resource patches are not disturbed in the process. Here consultants do not express concern over a particular kind of development ( e. g., stream channel enhancement) in principle, but they are opposed to it if valued floral or faunal species are destroyed or diminished especially at a " choice" resource site. In this instance, development might take place in a select location and/ or manner as long as precautions are taken to prevent the deterioration and eradication of a resource. And finally, there are places where development projects are likely to encounter resistance because valued resource habitats are associated with spiritual observances, or because the resource patches are varied, so densely packed and continuous, that it would be difficult to avoid their endangerment. A. 2 Social Concerns Places also draw respect as locations of importance in the Utes' collective and family histories. Location is not an abstract geographic space marked by points and boundaries on a map, but rather, it is an expression of experiences that Ute people know and share living at certain places over many generations. Places are special because they are homelands to which people have deep, respectful and abiding emotional as well as spiritual attachments. These are the locales where the people live, where their children are raised, or where their ancestors are buried ( 1.2; 3.1; 4.2; 5.1). Some locales evoke intense emotions because they are associated with special stories of the people who once lived there or those who still do ( 4.2). Locations where communities once stood hold memories about the persons and events associated with them. Some of these places become the benchmarks of a local history in cultures where much of the knowledge from the past is retained and transmitted as an oral tradition rather than a written document. There are some locations that elicit a widely shared concern. These places are part of the social memory of an entire band or community, and many of them have special meaning to the individuals whose family histories are rooted there ( 2.1; 4.1). This does not mean that locales of familial significance are not valued by others. They are respected but in a |