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Show has declined overall but it continues to have an important place for much of the population ( Garner and Hawley 1950: 325; Jorgensen 1972: 109, 119- 20, 147). And although hunting may be less intensive today than it was in the past, it is still a vital part of the annual pattern of life for the Utes. One consultant estimated that well over half of today's population still procure and consume wild game when these are in season ( 4.4). As with floral resources, resource sites for many of the faunal species that the Utes still depend upon are widespread throughout the reservation and adjoining areas. Nevertheless, certain locations are described by consultants as preferred or " choice" areas to find particular game. These locations are determined by a number of different factors, including jurisdiction over an area, especially whether or not it is located on reservation land, the accessibility of the locale, and the concentrated abundance of game at a site ( 1.1; 1.2; 1.3; 2.1; 4.1; 4.2; 4.3). Among the Utes, hunting and fishing do not appear to be governed by any formal " trespass" rules other than those created by the tribe's own fish and game agency. While there are no restrictions where Utes, as individuals or families, hunt and fish on tribally held lands within the reservation, allotments and tribal assignments of land to individuals for grazing or other purposes are not open. Nonetheless, people do have favorite game areas determined by residential proximity, histories of family use and knowledge, and perhaps even spiritual considerations ( 1.3; 4.3). As with valued floral species, Ute consultants ( 3.1; 4.2) were emphatic about not having certain important game sites disturbed. They ( 3.1; 4.2) were well aware of the migration routes, wintering grounds, and summer grazing locales for the large game species in their area, and one ( 3.1) of them was very concerned that the migration routes not be disturbed as they had been near Bear Lake in northern Utah. And they ( 3.1; 4.2) were emphatic about not having streambeds modified in ways that disturbed important fisheries especially within reservation boundaries. Also, it should be noted, once again, that there is some variation in the Ute names assigned to particular animal species, and this also probably reflects dialectical variation and change among the speakers of the three bands, Uintah, White Rivers, and Uncompahgre, that occupy the Uintah- Ouray Reservation, or the use of different orthographies by the scholars who recorded the names. B. l Large Hoofed Mammals Large hoofed mammals, especially deer, elk, mountain sheep, antelope, and buffalo, were major sources of food for Utes throughout their historic territorial ranges ( Stewart 1942: 240- 9; Smith 1974a: 46- 80; 76 |
