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Show B. Fauna of the Utes. Uinta Basin, and Great Basin Faunal resources were of great importance to the Utes and other Great Basin tribes as a source for food, hides, pelts, feathers, bone implements, sinew, and cordage. According to Callaway et al. ( 1986: 338) the Utes and Northern Shoshones had access to a larger and greater variety of mammals than many other tribes of Western North America. The relative abundance and diversity of fish and fowl was lower for the Utes, although in some locales ( e. g., Utah Lake) these faunal resources were plentiful and resident bands relied heavily on them ( Janetski 1983: 39- 43, 60- 1). Ethnographic and historical sources ( Lowie 1924: 199- 233; Stewart 1942: 240- 9; Garner and Hawley 1950: 325, 329, 330; Jones 1955: 215- 6, 218- 9; Opler 1971: 262; Jorgensen 1972: 29, 38, 2,49, 51, 109, 119- 20, 147; Conetah 1982: 9- 10, Smith 1974a: 46- 80; Janetski 1983: 48, 63- 64; Callaway et al. 1986: 337- 8, 340- 2) emphasize the importance of hunting for the Utes from pre- reservation times until the modern era. Like other populations in the Great Basin, they depended on antelope, bighorn sheep, and mule deer ( Fowler 1986: 79). In the area of the Uinta Basin, however, venison was the major part of the Ute diet and the preferred food ( Garner and Hawley 1950: 325; Smith 1974a: 46- 50). Wapiti ( elk), moose, and bison were other important big game in Ute diets, while bear was an occasional but highly valued food source ( Garner and Hawley 1950: 325; Smith 1974a: 46- 50). Callaway et al. ( 1986: 341) indicate that despite the fact that the Western Ute bands preferred deer meat, a large proportion of their diet included smaller mammals and fish. Small game of importance to the Utes for their meat or furs include, beaver, cottontails, jackrabbits, marmots, muskrats, badgers, rockchucks, woodrats, squirrels, and mice ( Stewart 1942: 244; Garner and Hawley 1950: 325; Jones 1955: 215, 219; Smith 1974a: 51, 57- 60; Janetski 1983: 48, 63- 4; Fowler 1986: 82). Various types of birds, including sage grouse and ducks, were taken for their meat and feathers ( Garner and Hawley 1950: 325; Smith 1974a: 59- 60; Janetski 1983: 48, 64; Fowler 1986: 82). Fish were a desirable food source and an important one especially among bands located near productive lake and river fisheries ( Stewart 1942: 249; Garner and Hawley 1950: 319; Sloane 1950: 319- 320; Janetski 1983: 57- 8, 60- 3). Reptiles and insects were also used as a food source, especially when other faunal sources were not abundant ( Stewart 1942: 244- 5; Smith 1974a: 50; Janetski 1983: 57, 64; Fowler 1986: 87- 92). Since their settlement on the Uintah- Ouray Reservation, hunting and fishing have remained important to the Utes. From the early reservation period through the depression wild game was a major source of meat for the Utes ( b. i; Jorgensen 1972: 100, 29, 38, 42, 49, 51). Since then, its usage 75 |