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Show Conetah 1982: 9- 10). In modern times, deer and elk are the large game most often procured for their food and skins ( 3.1; 4.4; Garner and Hawley 1950: 325). B. l, .1... Mule.. Deer ( Odocoileus hemionus, Cervidae): The name for deer is " teSts" or tot> e" ( Wardle 1969: 3) or " toi" ( Stewart 1942: 352). Reported Locations: Mule deer are a major game species in the Uinta mountain region. The deer migrate annually between the high mountain meadows in the summer to the benches and basins below in the winter. Sparks ( 1981: 47) lists the mule deer in forest meadows, mountain brush, desert shrub, and grass areas for the northeast region of Utah. A major deer migration path follows the Yellowstone across the foothills to Lake Fork and then to wintering grounds at Towanta Flats ( 3.1, 4.1; 4.3). One consultant noted that the proposed Lake Fork- Yellowstone Pipeline cuts across the route that the deer follow to these wintering grounds, and that this needs to be considered carefully ( 3.1). Deer using the Yellowstone drainage also winter on the benches above Altamont ( 3.1; 4.2). Monarch Bench ( 4.2), John Starr Flat ( 3.1; 4.2), and the bottom part of Coyote Basin are migration and wintering areas ( 3.1; 4.2) for populations from both the Yellowstone and Uinta drainage system. The Cedarview Canal is an especially important feeding grounds for deer ( 4.1). The high benches of the Uinta River and its drainage system are also reported as important locales for deer hunting. Specific mention was made of Uinta Canyon especially in the neighborhood of the proposed reservoir ( 4.2) and several sites just below the mouth of the canyon, including the area near the fishery ( 1.2), much of the area between Elkhorn and Pole Creek roads ( 1.2), along the Uintah Canal, and various locales on the opposite side of the road to the north ( 4.2). The general environs at the mouth of Whiterocks Canyon and also along the Whiterocks and Ouray valley were noted as important areas of deer migration and hunting ( 4.2; 5.1). Ute Uses and Methods of Procurement: The Utes commonly used the ambush, game call, single hunter stalking, and drive method of hunting the mule deer ( Stewart 1942: 240- 1; Smith 1974a: 52- 3; Pettit 1990: 38). The ethnographic material reports that the bow and arrow was used by all Ute groups for killing deer ( Stewart 1942: 240; Smith 1974a: 52- 3). Currently most hunters use the gun ( 4.2). As reported by Janetski ( 1983: 63) from Stewart ( 1942: 240- 4) and by Pettit ( 1990: 38), most large game animals like the mule deer were and still are hunted individually. Numerous ethnographic sources indicate that deer were the most important source of meat for the Utes, especially the western bands of the Uintah and Wasatch areas ( Sloane 1950: 319; Garner and Hawley 77 |
