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Show Food Uses by the Utes: Fowler ( 1986: 72) and Chamberlin ( 1909a: 33), report that the seeds of the woods draba were used as food by the Northern Utes. Again, no additional information given on this plant by consultants. A. 4.11 / Pawa/ ( unidentified botanical species): According to Smith ( 1974a: 272) these seeds, which were the size of beads, ripen in May, growing on vines close to the ground. The vines were gathered, put in a container of water, and rubbed by hand until the seeds drop to the bottom and the leaves rise to the top. The seeds were then dried, parched, and ground. A, 4,12 ./ kWu= pi/ ( unidentified botanical species): These seeds ripen in July and were dried and ground. The whole plant was gathered and rubbed between the hands to cause the seeds to fall out ( Smith 1974a: 272). A, 4,13 / muatu/ ( unidentified botanical species): These seeds were gathered in September, parched, winnowed, and ground ( Smith 1974a: 273). A, 4,14 / paka= pi/ ( unidentified botanical species): Smith ( 1974a: 272) reports that the seeds of this plant, which ripen in the fall, are edible. A... 4,15 /. pasu= pi/ ( unidentified botanical species): The seeds of this plant also ripen in the fall and were gathered and eaten ( Smith 1974a: 272). A.. 4.16 / wa? i/ ( unidentified botanical species): Smith ( 1974a: 272) writes that the seeds of this plant were eaten and the grass was burned in earthen ovens. A, 4.17 / w. a?= pi/ ( unidentified botanical species): The seeds of this plant ripen in late April ( after April 20). They grow in a shell, like wheat, and were parched, winnowed, and ground ( Smith 1974a: 272). A.. 4.18 / waka= ci/ ( unidentified botanical species): These seeds grow in a long thin stem which was beaten to release the seeds and then they were ground ( Smith 1974a: 273). A. 5 GREENS. LEAVES. AND STEMS Greens, leaves, stems, and new shoots of plants, were and still are collected for food, medicines, ritual uses, and building materials by the Ute people. These include the plants of the bulrush or tule ( see under Roots, Bulbs, and Tubers), wild asparagus, cattail, field mint, nettleleaf hyssop, sweet sage, tapertip onion ( see under Roots, Bulbs, and Tubers), watercress, willow ( see under Barks, Saps, and Boughs), and yarrow. 64 |