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Show by the Utes in making baskets. Garner and Hawley ( 1950: 349) report that willow was used as a splint for broken bones. In addition, Stewart ( 1942: 251) reported that the sap from the willow was eaten by the Utes. Uses by Neighboring Great Basin Populations: Stoffle et al. ( 1990: 426) listed several species of willow very high in cultural significance for the Western Shoshones, Southern Paiutes and Owens Valley Paiutes, particularly the S. exigua or narrow- leaf willow. The Gosiutes are also reported to use willow for making baskets, although Chamberlin ( 1911: 380) indicates they preferred cottonwood. The roots and bark of willows were used by Shoshones and Paiutes of Nevada for venereal diseases, dysentery, blood purifier, influenza, urinary problems, intestinal problems, toothaches, laxative, physic, healing navels of babies, and dandruff ( Train et al. 1974: 134- 6). A.. 2.7 /? ip. i. tama- ni= pi/ ( unidentified botanical species): In her ethnography, Smith ( 1974a: 269- 274) listed many Ute names without botanical identification because her plant collection was destroyed. One of these she described as a green brush used in earth ovens. A.. 2.. 8...../. Ti. sa.?. u= pi/ ( unidentified species): This plant was reported by Smith ( 1974a: 273) as having small red berries, growing like a willow, and used to make coiled baskets. A, 2.9..../ S. ika:. ni= pi/ ( unidentified species): This is another of Smith's( 1974: 274) unidentified plants , the bark of which was used for cordage. A. 3 ROOTS. BULBS. AND TUBERS Historically, roots, bulbs, and tubers have been a very important source of food for the Utes ( Chamberlin 1909b: 5; Stewart 1942: 251; Smith 1974a: 47, 64- 5; Janetski 1983: 57, 65; Pettit 1990: 28). The Utah Valley, along with much of the northern Great Basin, was very root abundant ( Fowler 1986: 69). Interviews with Ute consultants suggest that certain roots and tubers continue to be important to the Utes not only as foods but also as medicines. The roots and bulbs of the balsamroot, bulrush, blue camas, Oregon grape, Porter's lovage, sego lily, spring beauty, tapertip onion, valerian, yampa, and yucca are currently ( or were recently) used by the Northern Utes. This is substantiated in interviews with consultants, while other plants reported to have been used by Utes in other sources are not confirmed in our interviews. This means that these are either not known or used by the consultants we worked with, or else that they chose not to share information with us on these plants. It does not imply necessarily that they are no longer employed by contemporary Utes. 51 |