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Show Other Uses by Utes: Ponderosa is also one of the woods used for smoking deer meat ( 4.2). A, 2.5.... Poplar. Tree ( Populus sp. probably alba [ white], canadensis [ gray], or nigra [ black], Salicaceae): Reported Locations: All three varieties found in the Uinta Basin are European introductions and are found along ditches, other water courses, and fence lines up to 6,500 feet ( Goodrich and Neese 1986: 263). ECOTONE ( 1995) does not list the P. alba, P. canadensis, or P. nigra as being on the Uintah- Ouray Reservation. Ute Medicinal and Ritual Uses: Ute consultants indicate that this is one of the trees used for shades at the Sun Dance ( 1.2; 4.2) especially those found along the Uinta River, the Whiterocks, Uintah No. 1, and Harding canals as well as other canals in the area of Hayden and the Sun Dance grounds. A. 2.6 Willow ( Salix spp., Salicaceae): One reported Ute name is " can nahv" ( Wardie 1969: 16). Reported Locations: Goodrich and Neese ( 1986: 266- 7) list nineteen different varieties of willows in the Uinta Basin area, most existing along water courses at varying elevations, from 5,000 to 12,000 feet. ECOTONE ( 1995: A- 22) reports that the willow is common in the palustrine/ shrub environment on the reservation, but that the sandbar ( S. exigua) and yellow ( S luted) varieties ( 1995: A- 12, A- 29, A- 33, A- 36) can also be found in forest riparian, wet meadow, irrigated fields, and beaver ponds on the reservation. A choice location for red willows used in a ritual context is Whiterocks Canyon, just before the rock formation ( 1.2; 4.2). Willows were also seen and reported for the shorelines of the Uinta River and its canals ( 1.2; 4.2; 4.4), in the vicinity of Bullock and East Cottonwood reservoirs ( 1.2; 4.2), and along the Yellowstone Feeder Canal ( 1.2; 4.2). Medicinal and Ritual Uses by Utes: Willow and other green plants play a critical role in the Sun Dance ( Jorgensen 1972: 178). Willow is known as a channeler of power ( a repository of the life force). During the dance, willow is placed in the crotch of the Sun Dance tree, " representing a nest of water," it is given to individual dancers and it is used by women in their singing to attract power to the dancers and the group ( Jorgensen 1972: 181- 184; 267- 268). Other Uses by Utes: Smith ( 1974a: 43, 45, 82, 91, 99) reported mats were made of willow, it was used to build sweat lodges, menstrual huts and shades, it was used to color skins brown. She also indicated that willows were used by the Northern Utes for doing coarse work when making baskets. Lowie ( 1924: 227) noted as well that the Ute used willows to smoke skins. Chamberlin ( 1909a: 36) listed three varieties of willows used 50 |
