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Show C. Other Resources Historically, resources available to and used by the Utes included not only plants and animals but also soils, clays, and lichens. Today, some of these are still relied upon. C. 1 Lichens Reported. Locations: Lichens that are known to have medicinal uses are located in Whiterocks and Uinta canyons in shaded, higher elevation areas ( 1.2). U. te... Us. es. and. Methods.. of. Procurement: Helen Wardle ( Oral Interview, American West Center, 1970) indicated that dysentery was treated with a tea of a colored moss scraped off of rocks in the mountains. One Ute consultant also remembered that lichens are a medicine but did not know their specific use ( 1.2). C. 2 Clavs and Soil Historically, many different clays and soils were used by the Utes for many different purposes. Reported. Lpcations: Clays, particularly those used for pottery were generally found on the banks of a stream ( Smith 1974a: 83), which suggests that changes made to stream beds may damage sources for clay. One Ute consultant ( 1.2) remembered a specific spot along the hillside just west of Tridell to the south along the road ( towards the Uinta River) and along the canals in this area where clay was collected for making pottery. Another ( 4.3) noted the presence of pottery- making clays in the vicinity of the Clay Basin Pond. Also of importance are clays and soils used as paint. One very important site is located along the Power Plant Canal just east of the Uinta River, and it is an area where men come to get clay for use in the Sun Dance ( 1.2). Ute. Uses. and.. Methp. ds.. ofProcurem. ent: Clays have been used for painting and decorating material objects and bodily surfaces, pottery making, and cleansing objects by the Utes according to Smith ( 1974a: 78, 83, 87, 93, 103) and Stewart ( 1942: 277- 8) and one of the consultants ( 1.2). Other soil types were also used as paint, such as black mud ( reportedly found in southwest Utah) for black paint, lime ( white mud) was used as white paint, and a yellow earth was used for yellow paint ( Smith 1974a: 83). One white clay or soil- type is now used by Ute men in the Sun Dance ( 1.2). This type of clay was customarily used to clean rawhide containers ( Smith 1974a: 83) but was also traditionally used only by shaman ( Stewart 1942: 342). Jorgensen ( 1972: 184, 187, 209) indicated that clay paint is used during the Sun Dance on both the dancers and the saplings used in the dance in order 96 |