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Show although none of the consultants identified this as a place to secure them. The Whiterocks Canal was also noted as a location for chokecherries ( Appendix A. 1.3) and buffaloberries ( Appendix A. 1.2). Along the canyon of the Whiterocks River and its high bench beds are areas known to contain select and choice stands of cedar ( Appendix A. 1.11 and A. 1.12) and red willow ( Appendix A. 2.6), both of which are used for spiritual purposes in ceremonies such as the Sun Dance and in private religious observances. Cedar stands are places, at least historically, where the remains and/ or possessions of the deceased were placed ( Appendix E. l). According to the consultants, these stands should not be disturbed. The canyon is also an area for tapping sap from ponderosa pines ( Appendix A. 2.4), a locale for collecting kinnikinnick ( Appendix A. 2.3), and a prime spot for gathering pine nuts ( Appendix A. 1.14). Prostrate juniper ( Appendix A. 1.13), aspen ( Appendix A. 2.1), wild roses ( Appendix A. 1.16), and other trees and shrubs with cultural value are found here as well. In the canyon proper, a host of additional plants used for spiritual and/ or practical purposes are reported ( and some visually identified) by Ute consultants. This canyon is considered a preferred and choice location to secure the mountain variety of wild onion ( Appendix A. 3.11), watercress [ here and also along the Whiterocks Canal] ( Appendix A. 5.13) and an unidentified plant used for perfume ( Appendix A. 5.16). All of these are located in moist areas. In addition, this is a favored site for gathering the sweet variety of sagebrush ( Appendix A. 5.11). Other roots and bulbs with medicinal and food uses located in this canyon include balsam root ( Appendix A. 3.1; Appendix A. 3.2), wild grape ( Appendix A. 3.7), bear root ( Appendix A. 3.8), and sego lily ( Appendix A. 3.9). Also reported to have been collected here are various plants used for their leaves, flowers, and/ or stems including monkey flower ( Appendix A. 4.5), sweetgrass ( Appendix A. 4.8), scarlet gilia ( Appendix A. 5.12), and yarrow ( Appendix A. 5.14). There are many other plants which are described in the literature and/ or by consultants as used by the Utes that have a good probability of being located at sites along the river at its higher mountain elevations, its canyon, its high bench beds, and its connected canal. These include wintergreen ( Appendix A. 1.17), bulrush ( Appendix A. 3.3), spring beauty ( Appendix A. 3.10), valerian ( Appendix A. 3.12), yampa ( Appendix A. 3.13), purplespot fritillary ( Appendix A. 3.15), biscuitroot ( Appendix A. 3.17), clover ( Appendix A. 4.3), sunflower ( Appendix A. 4.7), woods draba ( Appendix A. 4.10), cattail ( Appendix A. 5.2), curly dock ( Appendix A. 5.3), false dandelion ( Appendix A. 5.4), peppermint ( Appendix A. 5.5), horsemint ( Appendix A. 5.6), Indian paint brush ( Appendix A. 5.8), wild parsley ( Appendix A. 5.9) and prickly pear cactus ( Appendix A. 5.10). 14 |