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Show particularized way. They are seen and understood as the unique and even rightful domain of the band, family, or person whose relationship with and knowledge of a locale are special. This pattern is consistent for American Indian tribes throughout the Great Basin and Intermountain region ( Liljeblad 1986: 650- 651). This is true notwithstanding a high degree of flexibility in the movement and membership of the Ute bands who lived in various areas of the Intermountain West ( Steward n. d.; 1938: 222- 230; Stewart 1942: 235- 237). Consultants were hesitant to talk about some areas known to be special to others, particularly if they or their families had not had memories of or heard " stories" of the use and significance of these areas ( 1.3; 2.1; 3.1; 4.2). Again, some of the areas for which information is sparse does not mean that these areas are not important to others. It only means that the consultants interviewed do not have knowledge of the locations as part of their own or their families' experience. Locales valued primarily as an extension of a band or family history do exist within the areas of proposed impact. Wherever areas are associated with historical memories that evoke deep emotions and spiritual concerns, development should either be avoided entirely or careful precautions taken so as not to disturb the site and its peripheries. By contrast, where a proposed impact is consistent with a locale's historical character and pattern of use, development could proceed and might even be welcome. A. 3 Spiritual Concerns Places need to be particularly respected when they have special religious or spiritual associations. People are advised to take special care in how they have behave at these locales, and as one elder consultant ( 2.1) put it, these are not places to " play around or shoot around." Spiritual considerations arise in a variety of different ways. On the one hand, they are connected with places where ceremonial observances have been or still are held. Locations where the Sun Dance and other community- wide ceremonies take place are of this order. But these sacred sites also include locations where individuals hold private observances or where they have had special visionary and dream experiences. Knowledge of these places is highly private and not likely to be shared, especially with outsiders. These locales become sanctified or consecrated through the spiritual experience of the community or the individual ( 1.2; 4.1; Hultkranz 1986: 633- 36). On the other hand, there are many places that are considered spiritual, even though a ceremonial observance is not now, nor has it ever have been, practiced at the spot. Many of these places are associated with a particular and clearly defined spiritual presence, but in other instances, the |
