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Show Table 3. Estimated number of smoking-related prevalent cases of white men in Utah in 1995, for cumulative diagnosed cases 0-1, 0-5, 0-10, 0-15, and 0-20 years. 0-1 0-5 0-10 0-15 0-20 Esophagus Utah* 24 31 36 37 39 SEERf 53 81 93 97 99 Difference* 29 50 57 60 60 Kidney and Renal Pelvis Utah* 95 217 307 357 391 SEERf 195 452 639 740 797 Difference 100 235 332 383 406 Larynx Utah* 38 106 160 189 212 SEER1 120 295 453 560 623 Difference 82 189 293 371 411 Lung and Bronchus Utah* 197 298 362 408 428 SEERf 638 1,032 1,263 1,383 1,447 Difference 442 734 901 975 1,019 Oral Cavity and Pharynx Utah* 154 356 595 754 894 SEERf 236 520 745 891 978 Difference 82 164 150 138 84 Pancreas Utah* 25 32 35 37 38 SEER1 48 63 68 72 74 Difference 23 31 34 34 36 Bladder Utah* 295 672 992 1,187 1,299 SEERf 557 1,397 2,082 2,467 2,666 Difference 262 724 1,090 1,280 1,367 Total Smoking-Related Cancers Utah* 827 1,711 2,486 2,969 3,301 SEERf 1,847 3,839 5,342 6,210 6,684 Difference 1,020 2,128 2,856 3,240 3,383 The 1995 Utah male population of 930,301 adjusted by the crude prevalence rate in Utah. fThe 1995 Utah male population of 930,301 adjusted by the crude prevalence rate in SEER (with Utah removed). *Number of fewer prevalent cases in Utah attributed to the lower tobacco smoking rates. Data source: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results. Discussion Annual per capita cigarette consumption climbed from close to zero at the turn of the century to peak at about 4,300 per year in 1964. The peak year coincided with the first Surgeon General's report and the beginning of subsequent media coverage on the potential harmful effects of cigarette smoking (Strategies, 1991). The decline in smoking prevalence since the mid 1960s in the United States has been further influenced by some major social influences (e.g., the nonsmokers rights movement, increased federal excise tax, health warning labels) (Strategies, 1991). Yet despite an increasing awareness of the harmful effects associated with cigarette smoking, decreases in the percentage of cigarette smokers in the United States adult population since 1965 have slowed, such that since 1990 the percentage has remained near 26% (Giovino et al., 1994). Reasons for this leveling off may include nicotine addiction, peer pressure, and lack of information (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1988, 1994). 14 |
