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Show 176 TIU~ ORDINANCE OF 1787. ments shall be inflicted ; no man shall be deprived of his liberty or property but by the judgment of his peers, or the law of the land; and should the public cxigeucies make it necessary, for the common preservation, to take any person's property, or to demand his patti ·ular services, fnll compeu atiou shall be made for the same; and, in the just preservation of rights and property, it is understood and declared that no law ought ever to be made or have force in the said tcl'l'itory, that shall in any manner whatever interfere with or affect private contracts or engagements, bona fide and without fraud previously formed. AnTICLE 3. [ In:titutions for the J>?'ornotion of] religion [and] morality, AND KNOWI,EDOJ•~, BEINO NECESSARY '1'0 GOOD OOVELtNMEN'l' AND THE IIAPPINE '~ OF 1\IANI<.IND, schools and the means of cducn.tiou shall forever be encouraged, [and all pew sons while young shall be taught some u ef ul occupation. J rrhe utmost goo<! faith shall always be observed towards the Indians; tbeit· lands and property shall never be taken from them without theit· consent; and in theit· property, rights, and liberty, they never shall be invaded or disturbecl, unless in jnst and lawful wars authorized by Congress; but laws founded in justice and humanity sha ll from time to time be made, for preventing wrongs being done to them, and for preserving peace and friendship with them. AnTIOLE 4. The said terri tory and tho States which may be fo1·me<l therein, shall forever remain a part of this confederacy of the U uited States of .America, subject to the Articles of Confederation, and to such alterations therein as shall be constitutionally made; and to all the acts nnd onlinances of the United States in Congress assembled. The Lrgislntnre of those districts, or new States, shall never interfere with the primary disposal of the soil by the United States in Congress assembled, nor with any regulations Contiress may find necessary for se .. • THE ORDINANCE~ OF 1787. 177 en ring tho title in such soil to botHL fi<le purchasers. No tax shall be imposed on lands the property of the United States; and iu no case shall non-resident proprietors be taxed higher tbau residen is. 'l,hc. navigable waters leading into tho Mississippi an<l St. Lawrence, and tho carrying places between the same, shall be common highways, and forever free, as wc1l to the inhabitan ts of tho sai<l territory as to the citizens of tho Uuiic<l SLates, and those of any other States that may bo admitted into tho confederacy, without any tax, impost, or duty therefor. ARTICLE 5. There shall be formed in tho sn.id territory not less than three, nor more than five States; and the boundaries of tho StaLes, as soon as Virginia shall alLcr her act of cession aud [auth orize J CONSENT TO the same, shall become fixed and Cl:)ta.bl ishe<l as follows, to wit: ':rhe western State in ~I.'IIE sai<l territory shall be bounded by the Mississippi, the Ohio, and Wauash ri vcrs; a direct liuo drawn from tho Wabash and Post Vincent's, due north to the territorial line between the United 'taLes and Canada and by TilE said territorial line to the J..~ake of the vVoods' and Mississippi. 'l1hc middle State shall be IJounded by the said direct line, tho v\T aba:h from Post Vincent's to tho Ohio; by the Ohio, by a direct line drawn due north fl'om the mouth of the G reaL Miami to 'l'HE said territorial line, and by 'rJIE said territorial line. rnw eastern Slate shall be bouuded by the last-mentioned direct line, the Ohio, Peunsylvania and the said territorial line: Provided, however, and it is further uncl er:-;tood n.nd declared that the I boundaries of these three States, shall be subject so far to be altered, that if Congress shall bercnJler find iL expedient, they shall have authority to form one or two States iu that part of the saiu territory which lies north of an cast and west line drawu tbrough Ll10 southerly ben<l or extreme of Luke Michigan; and whenever auy of tho said States shall have sixty thousand free inhabitants therein such State 1 12 .:.J,. 'I |
