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Show An Analysis of School Population Maps in Utah by Means of a Certain Graduated Diagonal Square By A. C. LAMBERTI and LAVERE WADLEY2 Distance plays a fundamental part in the organization of school attend and school administration units. Numerous studies have shown the need for some device or procedure that would permit the school administrator to determine with some accuracy, the distances that the school children, in a given region, would have to travel to reach a proper school plant, under any given or potential system of building locations. Administrators must know also the numbers of pupils who will have to be transported in a given school district or a state, under a given system of locating the school plants and under any given maximum walking distance and a given pattern of transportation routes. From these premises arises the search for a device or a procedure that will assist one more adequately to study the factor of travel-distance. As a minor part of an extended study of factors that determine the need for school transportation equipment and services in real amounts, Lambert developed a measure of the accessibility of a school plant. He broke down the general condition of accessibility into the concrete elements of (1) linear distance of travel between the pupils' domiciles and the school plant, (2) the time necessary to cover distance under conditions (a) where pupils walk and (b) under conditions where pupils ride in vehicles. He considered the time factor also with respect to an earliest hour in the morning at which pupils can leave their domiciles. Difficulties incident to travel were also considered to be an element in accessibility. Lambert held that the factor of a maximum walking distance, regardless of the specific point in distance at which it might be fixed, operates to create about any school plant an inside zone, or division of the total attendance area served by the school plant. That inside zone he defined rigorously through the use of the mathematical expression for a square laid at a 45 degree bias to the governing rectangular land survey and road system. Developed to de fine a zone within which the school plant, under a given maximum walking distance, was accessible to pupils who would have no need for vehicular trans portation, this bias square was developed into a series of such squares extend ing out in regular intervals from the origin. This square is shown as Figure 1. With this graduated diagonal square shown to be true in measuring dis tance from any outside point into a center, or the reverse, by any form of forward moving x and y travel, i. e. in any checker-board fas-hion, the next step was to attempt to apply such a device to school population maps. To discover how to make such an application was the problem of a master's thesis ance areas recently completed at Brigham Young University. The Alpine Consolidated School District was the region studied. Many were used to construct school population maps that were accurate and complete. Those details cannot be reported here. By the time the basic maps were completed, an expenditure of more than two hundred dollars was incurred. procedures 1 2 Professor of Educational Administration, Brigham Young University. Graduate Student, Department of Educational Adrnirris t ra.tion, Brigham Young Uni ver srty, 51 |
