OCR Text |
Show 492 INDEX Species, which vary little, 80 closely allied inhabit distinct areas, 111 vigour and fertility of, how kept up, 327 Spencer, Mr. Herbert, on factors of organic evolution, 411 on efl"ects of disuse, 413 on difficulty as to co-adaptation of parts, 417 on direct action of environment, 418 Sphingidre, protective attitude!> of larvrc, 210 Sphinx 1igu~tri, general resemblance of larva to food plant, 202 Spider, alluriug coloration or, 211 Spine!>, on origin of, 431 rarity of, in oceanic i.lands, 43~ Spiny plants abundant in South Africa and Chile, 433 Spots a primitive ornamentatioii of animalR, 289 Sprengel on fiowers and insects, 309 Staphylinirh3, protective habit of, 210 Sterility of mongr I , ] 65 correlated with colour, etc., 168 and natural ~election, 173 of hybrills produced by natural selection, 179 Struggle for existence, 14 among plants, 15 for life, illustmtions of, ] 8 for existence on the pampas, 22 for life between closely allied forms most severe, 33 for existence, ethics of, 36 bow it acts among flowers, 328 Summary of facts of colouring for protection and recognition, 227 Snrvival of the fittest, 11, 122, 123 Swainson, definition of specie , 2 Swamping ell'ects of intercrossing, 142 Sweden, destruction of gra s by larvre of moths in, ] 7 Swi11hoe, Mr., on protective colouring of a hat, 201 Symmetry, bilatr~ral in colours of animals needful for recognition, 217 T TAILS used as respirators, 136 •rapirs, distribution of, 352 'l'egetmeier, Mr., on feeding habits of }Jigeons anrt fowls, 7 5 on sparrows and crocuses, 7 5 on curious correlations in pigeons, 140 Tegumentary appendages and colour, 291 Thousand-fathom line divide oceanic from continental islands, 347 the teachings of, 348 map showing, 349 Thwaites, Mr., on spread of Lantana mixta in Ceylon, 30 Tiger, use of stripes of, 199 'l'itmice as illustrating divergence, 107 Transformation of species of crustacea, 427 Transmutatiouists, the early, 3 'l'ravers, Mr. W. L., on effects of introduced plants in New ZealanJ, 29 Trees, great variety of, in many fore ts, 36 Trimen, Mr., on butterfly decei\•ed hy its mimic, 245 on mimicry, 247 Tropical animals, why brilliantly coloured, 299 'l'ropics, no proof of lower temperature of, 369 Tropidorltynehi mimicked by orioles, 263 Trumpeter, 93 'l'umulers, 91 Turbits and owls, 91 l'ylor, Mr. A., on Coloration in Ani mals and Plants, 2 5 u UNGULATES, origin of feet of, 423 Use anfldisuse, efl'ects of, overpower rl by natural selection, 435 Useless characters, T31 not specillc, 132 INDEX 493 Useless spcri fie characters, 110 proof of' CxistCII('e of, 141 Utrit:ulari:u inhabiting hromelias, 118 v VAN"SSA callirhoe small variety in Porto , 'ant~, 106 Variability of the lower animals, 42 of the Foraminifera, 43 of sea-auemones, 43 of land mollusca, 43 of immcts, 44 of lizards, 46 of birds, 49 of primary wing-feathers, 51 of wings and tail, 53 of Dolichonyx oryzivorus, 55 of Agelrous phreniceus, 56 of Cardinali:; virginiann:, 58 of tarsus and toes, 60 of birds in Leyden Mn ·eu111, 61 of Sciurus carolinensis, 67 of skulls of wolf, 70 of skulls of a hear, 72 of skulls of Sus cristatns, 73 of plants, 76 of oaks, 77 Variation, Lyell on, 4 in internal organs, 66 the facts of, 83 proofs of generality of, 85 , of vegetalJles and fruits, 86 of apple and melons, 87 under domestication accords with that under I)ature, 100 coincident not necessary, 127 and heredity, problems of, 410 Professor Geddes's theory of, 4 28 the cause of, 439 Variations of flowers, 88 of domestic animals, 8 of domestic pigeons, 89 conditions favourable to produc-tion of, 98 beneficial, 143 Varietie ·, importance of, 41 of same species allapted to self or to insect-fertilisation, 330 Vegetables, variation of, 86 Vegetation and reproduction, antagonism of, 428 Vertebrata, mimicry among, 261 geological , u ·cession of, 405 Vestiges of Creation, 3 Viola odorata, 2 canina, 2 • Violets, as illustrating species, 2 Von Buch on pecies, 6 w W L.LLACE, Dr. Alexander, on ab' em:e of choiee by female moths, 275 Ward, Mr. Lester F., on progressive development of plant~, 39 Warning coloration, 232 Warning colours of marine animals, 265 Wasps and lJee., mimi('ry of, 25 poi ·onous with waming colours, 287 Water-cress, hokes rivers in New Zealaud, 24 driven out by willows, 24 Water-ouzeh;, probable origin of, 1 l 6 Weale, Mr. Mansel, on protecti\'n colour.· of butterflies, 206 Weeds of United States, 15 Weir, Mr. Jenner, on deceptive rcsemhlanee of a caterpillar to a twig, ~04 on inedihility of ~o n s pic nous caterpillars, 236 on binls Lii:;regarJiug in edible larva~, 254 Weismann on llrogre. sive allaptation of colours of larva', 206 on non-heredity of acquiretl characters, 440 and Galton's theories of heredity almost id •ntical, 443 (note) on origin of the mathematical faculty, 472 (note) Weismann's theory of liPrcrlity, 437 Westwood, Professor, on variation of i usects, ,14 deceived lJy a 111 inlieking cricket, 259 White coloration of insular lJinls and butterflies, 230 vVhymper, Mr., his sensations when falling on the Matterhorn, 38 |