OCR Text |
Show 490 INDEX Pelagic animals, colours of, 193 . Pbasmid:e, resemblance of, to sticks and leaves, 203 Phy. iological selection, 180 Pickard-Cambridge, Rev. 0., on sexual selection, 296 (note) Pieridrc, sexual diversity among, 271 Pigeons, varieties of, 89 domestic, derived from wild rock-pi~eons, 90 curious correlations in, 140 white eggs of, protective, 213 Pigs, great increase of, in South America and New Zealand, 28 Pikermi, extinct animals of, 377 Pipits as illustrating divergence, 108 Planorbidre, variations of, 44 Plants, the enemies of, 16 variability of, 76 constitutional variation of, 94 colour relations of, 302 true mimicry rare in, 303 exotic rarely naturalised in Europe, 356 dispersal of, 361 northern, in southern hemisphere, 368 identical on summits of remote mountains, 369 progressive development of, 3~7 geological development of (diagram), 402 Plovers, recognition marks of (figure), 221 Plumes, origin of accessory, 291 muscular relation of ornamental, 292 Poisonous fruits, 307 Porto Santo, rabbits of, 326 Poulton, Mr. E. B., on variable colours of larvre and pupre, 196, 198 on concealments of insects by resemblance to environment, 202 on protective form of N otodonta ziczac, 210 on inedibility of conspicuous larvre, 237 Pouters, 90 Primulacere, variations of structure in, 79 Problem, the, before Darwin, 6 Problems in variationandheredity,410 Progres~ ion in plants and animals, 395 Protection by terrifying enemies, 209 Protective colouring, variable, 195 of white-beaded fruit-pigeon, 200 of African sun-birds, 200 of Kerivoula picta, 201 of loths, 201 of larva of Sphinx ligustri, 202 of stick and leaf insects, 203 of caterpillars, 203, 205 of butterflies, 206 Ptilopus cinctus, protective colour of, 200 Pugnacity of birds with accessory plumes, 294 R RABBIT, use of white tail of, 218 Rapid increase of plants, 28 Raspail, M., on variability in a grass, 80 Rat, black, spread of, 34 Rattlesnake, use of rattle Qf, 262 Raven, why black in arctic region!>, , 191 Reciprocal crosses, 155 Recognition marks of herbivora, 218 of birds, 222 of tropical forest birds, 224 of in ects, 226 Reproductive functions, susceptibility of, 153 Reptiles, geological distribution of, ~06 Rhinoceroses, evidence of evolutwn afforded by fossil, 383 Rocks, all stratified formed in shallow water, 344 Rocky Mountains, scarcity of monocotyledons in, 401 Rodents, prevent woody vegetation in the pampas, 23 Romanes, Professor G. J., on useless characters, 131, 139 on meaningless peculiarities of structure, 14 0 on supposed ab~ence of simultaneous variations, 14 2 on physiological selection, 180 INDEX 491 Rook antl crow 2 Ro~es, Mr. Bal:er on varieties of, 77 Hubus, Bentham and Babington on species and varieties of 77 Rudiments and variations in' man 446 ' Runts, 91 Rutaceoo, variation of structure in, 79 s ST. HELENA, destruction of forests by goats, 17 St. Hilaire, M. Aug., variability of Gomphia ole.o1lfolia, 79 Saxicola, divergence of character in species of, 108 recognition marks of, 222 Scientific opinion before Darwin, 4 Scolopax, figures of tails of, 225 Scudder, Mr. S. H., on inedibility of Danais archippu. , 238 on fossil insects, 403 Seebohm, Mr., on swamping effects of intercrossing, 143 Seeds, how dispersed, 306 how protected, 307 floating great distances, 361 eli ·persal of, by wind, 362 weight and dimensions of, 364 importance of wind-carriage of, 372 remarkable case of wind-carriage of, 373 Seiurus carolinensis, diagram of variation, 67 sp., habits of, 117 Selection, artificial, 84 by man, circumstances favourable to, 96 unconscious, 96 Selective association, isolation by, 171 Self-fertilisation of flowers, 321 Semper, Professor, on casting hairs of reptiles and crustacea, 137 (note) on direct influence of environment, 426 Sesiidre, mimicry by, 240 Sex colour and nests of birds, 277 Sex, colours characteristic of, 269 Sexual colonrs of insects, probable causes of, 273 of birds, 275 character. due to natural selection, 283 diversity the cause of variation, 439 Sexual selection and colour, 274 by struggle. of males, 2 2 neutralised by natural sele •tion, 294-296 restricted to male struggles, 296 Shetland Islands, variety of ghostmoth in, 270 Shrews and field-mice, internal variations of, 69 Shrikes, recognition marks of, 222 Similarity of forms of life not due to similarity of cond itions 339 Singing of male birds, usc of, 2'34 Skull of wolf, diagram of variations of, 70 of Ursu lauiatu., diagram of variations of, 72 of Sus cri status, diagram of variations of, 73 Skunk au illu tration of warniug colour, 233 Slack, Baron von, on protective markin<rs of sloths, 201 Sloth, protective colour and marking of, 201 Snakes, mimicry of poi~onous, 261 Snipe, taiLs of two species (figs.), 225 Sounds aud odours peculiar to male, how u. eful, 2 4 produced by l>eculiar feathers, 284 South America, fossil an<l recent mammals of, 393 Specie , definition or, l, 2 origin of, 2, 6 Lyell on, 4 Agassiz on, 5 transmutation of, 6 Geoffroy St. Hilaire on, 6 Dean IIerl>ert on, 6 Professor Grant on, 6 Von Buch on, 6 allied, found in di ·tinct areas, 36 |