OCR Text |
Show 66 DARWINISM OllAP. and compared, a.ncl thus the materials for determining the question of their v:tria,bility in a state of nature are compara,tively scanty. The fact that our dome tic animals belonging to this group, especially dogs, pre ent extreme varieties not surpassed even by pigeons and poultry among birds, renders it almost certain that an equal amount of variability exists in tho wild state; and this is confirmed by the example of a species of squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis ), of which sixteen specimens, :tll males and all taken in Florida, were measured and tabulated by Mr. Allen. The diagram here given shows, that, both the general amount of the variation and the independent V<triabili.ty of the several members of the body, accord completely with the variations so common in the class of birds; while their amount and their independence of each other are even greater than usual. Variation in the Internal Organs of Animals. In case it should be objected that the cases of variation hitherto adduced are in the external parts only, and tlmi there is no proof that the internal organs vary in the same manner, it will be advisable to show that such varieties also occur. It is, however, impossible to adduce the same amount of evidence in this class of variation, because the great labour of dissecting large numbers of specimens of the same species is rarely undertaken, and we have to trust to the chance observations of anatomists recorded in their regular course of study. It must, however, be noted that a very large proportion of the variations already recorded in the external parts of animals necessarily imply corresponding internal vari<ttion :-;. 'Vhen feet and legs vary in size, it is because the bones vary ; when the head, body, limbs, and tail change their pr~ortionR, the bony skeleton must also change; and even when the wing or tail feathers of birds become longer or more numerous, there is sure to be a corresponding change in the bones which support and the muscles which move them. I will, however, give a few cases of variations which have been directly observed. Mr. Frank E. Beddard bas kindly communicated to me some remarkable variations he has observed in the in ternal III 5 5 DIAGRAM OF VARIATION 10 75 20 25 10 75 20 25 Fto. 13.- Sciurus Cltl'olincnsis. 32 specimens. Florida. 67 ao 32 I v \ 30 82 |