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Title	Mechanisms of phencyclidine incorporation into hair
Publication Type	dissertation
School or College	College of Pharmacy
Department	Pharmacology & Toxicology
Author	Slawson, Matthew Howard
Date	1997
Description	The incorporation of drugs into hair is an area of increasing scientific interest. The purpose of this project was to investigate the mechanisms of incorporation and retention of xenobiotics in the hair of laboratory rodents using phencyclidine (PCP) as a model compound. The incorporation of PCP into the pigmented and nonpigmented hair of Long-Evans (LE) rats increased as the dose of PCP was increased. There was a 30-fold greater incorporation into pigmented hair compared to nonpigmented hair from the same animal. The hair concentration (ng/mg) of PCP was not changed in spite of different amounts of hair collected from distinct dosing intervals in the same group of LBNFI rats. A single dose of PCP was detected in terminal segments of collected rat hair. However, it was possible to localize the discrete band of PCP to within only 50% of the hair length. The potential for PCP to be retained within hair via an ionic mechanism was investigated by altering the ionic equilibrium of PCP with buffers of varying pH in an attempt to displace PCP from binding sites within the hair. Increasing the pH of the extraction buffer, increased the amounts of PCP removed from pigmented LE rat hair. The same PCP extraction pattern was not seen for nonpigmented LE hair. Phenobarbital showed no pH-dependent extraction from pigmented LE rat hair. These data were further supported by in vitro incubations with sepia melanin. These results suggested that noncationic drug forms (i.e., phenobarbital) have a lesser capacity for binding with melanin, both in hair and in vitro. Rodent hair with eumelanin as the principle pigment incorporated more PCP than rodent hair with either no melanin or pheomelanin as the principle pigment. The data from this dissertation have demonstrated that PCP is a useful model drug for studying the mechanisms of drug incorporation and retention in hair. Results indicate that PCP is retained within pigmented hair via an ionic interaction with eumelanin. Eumelanin appears to playa larger role than pheomelanin in incorporating PCP into hair.
Type	Text
Publisher	University of Utah
Subject	Hair; effect of drugs on hair; analysis phencyclidine form/ genre electronic books
Dissertation Name	Doctor of Philosophy
Language	eng
Rights Management	© Matthew Howard Slawson
Format	application/pdf
Format Medium	applocation/pdf
ARK	ark:/87278/s6k7dp11
Setname	ir_etd
ID	2550650
Reference URL	https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6k7dp11

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Title	Page 99
Format	application/pdf
Setname	ir_etd
ID	2550749
OCR Text	Show 90 13. 1. Ishiyama, T. Nagai, and S. Toshida: Detection of basic drugs (methamphetamine, antidepressants, and nicotine) from human hair. 1. Forensic Sci. 28, 380-385 (1983). 14. M. R. Harkey and G. L. Henderson: Hair analysis for drugs of abuse. In "Advances in Analytical Toxicology" (R. C. Baselt, ed.), pp. 298-329. Year Book Medical Publishers, Chicago, 1989. 15. F. J. Couper, L M. McIntyre, and O. H. Drummer: Extraction of psychotropic drugs from human scalp hair. 1. Forensic Sci. 40, 83-86 (1995). 16. W. A. Baumgartner: Hair analysis for drugs of abuse. 1. Forensic Sci. 34, 14331453 (1989). 17. J. Strang, A. Marsh, and N. Desouza: Hair analysis for drugs of abuse. Lancet 30, 740 (1990). 18. M. J. Welch, L. T. Sniegoski, C. C. Allgood, and M. Habram: Hair Analysis for Drugs of Abuse Evaluation of Analytical Methods, Environmental Issues, and Development of Reference Materials. 1. Anal. Toxicol. 17,389-398 (1993). - 19. P. Kintz: Drug testing in addicts: A comparison between urine, sweat, and hair. Ther. Drug Monit. 18, 450-455 (1996). 20. R. W. Goldblum, L. R. Goldbaum, and W. N. Piper: Barbiturate concentrations in the skin and hair of guinea pigs. 1. Invest. Dermatol. 22, 121-128 (1954). 21. A. M. Baumgartner, P. F. Jones, W. A. Baumgartner, and C. T. Black: Radioimmunoassay of hair for determining opiate-abuse histories. 1. Nucl. Med. 20, 748-752 (1979). 22. S. Balabanova and J. Homoki: Determination of cocaine in human hair by GC/MS. Z. Rechtsmed. 98, 235-240 (1987). 23. E. M. Ostrea, M. Brady, S. Gause, A. L. Raymundo, and M. Stevens: Drug screening of newborns by meconium analysis A large-scale, prospective, epidemiologic Study. Pediatrics 89, 107-113 (1992). - 24. W. L. Wang and E. J. Cone: Testing human hair for drugs of abuse. IV. Environmental cocaine contamination and washing effects. Forensic Sci. Int. 70,39-51 (1995). 25. D. Valente, M. Cassini, M. Pigliapochi, and G. Vansetti: Hair as the sample in assessing morphine and cocaine addiction. Clin. Chem. 27, 1952-1953 (1981). 26. S. Strano-Rossi, A. Bermejo-Barrera, and M. Chiarotti: Segmental hair analysis for cocaine and heroin abuse determination. Forensic Sci. Int. 70, 211-216 (1995). 27. F. P. Smith and R. H. Liu: Detection of cocaine metabolite in perspiration stain, menstrual bloodstain, and hair. 1. Forensic Sci. 31, 1269-73 (1986). 28. c. M. Selavka and F. Rieders: The determination of cocaine in hair: a review. Forensic Sci. Int. 70, 155-164 (1995).
Reference URL	https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6k7dp11/2550749