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Show MALLXRT.] PERSONAL NAME. 171 without an answer to these questions. A striking instance of this plurality of names among the Dakotas was connected with the name Sitting- Bull, belonging to the leader of the hostile band, while one of that name was almost equally noted as being the head soldier of the friendly Dakotas at Red- Cloud Agency. The present writer also found a number of Dakotas named Lone- Dog when in search of the recorder of the winter count above explained. The case may be illustrated by christian names among civilized people. At the time when a former President of the United States was the leading topic of conversation, nearly any one being asked who bore the name of Ulysses would be able to refer to General Grant, but few other christian names would convey any recognized identity. Indeed, the surname may be added and multiplicity with confusion still remain. Very few men have names so peculiar as not to find them with exact literation in the directories of the large cities. Among the many peculiarities connected with Indian personal names, far too many for discussion here, is their avoidance of them in direct address, terms of kinship or relative age taking their place. Major J. W. Powell, in some remarks before the Anthropological Society of Washington, on the functions performed by kinship terms among Indian tribes, stated that at one time he had the Eaibab Indians, a small tribe of northern Arizona, traveling with him. The young chief was called by white men " Frank." For several weeks he refused to give his Indian name, and Major Powell endeavored to discover it by noticing the term by which he was addressed by the other Indians; but invariably some kinship term was employed. One day in a quarrel his wife called him " Ohuarumpik ( Yucca- heart.)" Subsequently Major Powell questioned the young chief about the matter, who explained and apologized for the great iusult which his wife had given him by stating that she was excused by great provocation. The insult consisted in calling the man by his real name. The following is quoted for comparison with the name- system of the Indians of Guiaua, from Everard F. im Thurn, op. cit., p. 219, et seq. i The system under which the Indians have their personal names is intricate, and difficult to explain. In the first place, a name, which may be called the proper name, is always given to a young child soon after birth. It is said to be proper that the peaiman, or medicine- man, should choose and give this name ; but, at any rate now, the naming seems moie often left to the parents. The word selected is generally the name of some plant, bird, or other natural object. Among Arawak proper names may be mentioned TambenaaH ( night- monkey) and Yuri- tokoro ( tobacco- flower), and among Macusi names Ti- ti ( owl), Cheripung ( start), and Simiri ( locust- tree). But these names seem of little use, in that owners have a very strong objection to telling or using them, apparently on the ground that the name is part of the man, and that he who knows the name has part of the owner of that name in his power. To avoid any danger of spreading knowledge of their names, one Indian, therefore, generally addresses another only according to the relationship of the caller and the called, as brother, sister, father, mother, and so on; or, when there is no relationship, as boy, girl, oompanion, and so on. These terms, therefore, practically form the names actually used by Indians amongst themselves. But an Indian is just as un- |