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Show MALLRKY.] DIVISI0N8 OF THE 8IOUAN FAMILY. 97 stock or family embracing not only the Sioux or Dakotas proper, but the Missouris, Omahas, Ponkas, Osages, Kansas, Otos, Assiniboines, Gros Ventres or Minnitaris, Crows, Iowas, Mandans, and some others, has been frequently styled the Dakota Family. Major Powell, the Director of the Bureau of Ethnology, from considerations of priority, has lately adopted the name Siouan for the family, and for the grand division of it popularly called Sioux has used the term Dakota, which the people claim for themselves. In this general respect it is possible to conform in this paper to Major Powell's classification, but, specially in the details of the Winter Couuts, the form of the titles of the tribes is that which is generally used, but with little consistency, in literature, and is not given with the aocurate philologic literation of special scholars, or with reference to the synonomy determined by Major Powell, but not yet published. The reason for this temporary abandonment of scientific accuracy is that another course would require the correction or annotation of the whole material contributed from many sources, and would be cumbrous as well as confusing prior to the publication, by the Bureau of Ethuology, of the synonomy mentioned. The word " Dakota" is translated in Biggs's Dictionary of that language as " leagued, or allied." Dr. J. Hammond Trumbull, the distinguished ethnographer and glossologist, gives the meaning to be more precisely " associated as comrades," the root being found in other dialects of ' be same group of languages for instance, in the Minitari, where ddki is the name for the clan or band, and dakde means friend or comrade. In the Sioux ( Dakota) dialect, cota or coda means friend, and Dakota may, literally translated, signify " our friends." The title Sioux, which is indignantly repudiated by the nation, is either the last syllable or the two last syllables, according to pronunciation, of " Nadowesioux," which is the French plural of the Algonkin name for the Dakotas, " Nadowessi," " enemy," though the English word is not so strong as the Indian, " hated foe" being nearer. The Ghippeways called an Iroquois " Nadowi," which is also their name for rattlesnake ( or, as others translate, adder); in the plural, Nadowek. A Sioux they called Nadowessi, which is the same word with a contemptuous or diminutive termination; plural, Nadowessiwak or Nadawessyak. The French gave the name their own form of the plural, and the voyageurs and trappers cut it down to " Sioux." The more important of existing tribes and organized bands into which the nation is now divided are given below, being the dislocated remains of the " Seven Great Council Fires," not only famed in tradition, but known to early white pioneers: Yankton and Yanktonai or Ihaiiktonwan, both derived from a root meaning " at the end," alluding to the former locality of their villages. Sihasapa, or Blackfeet. Ohenonpa, or Two Kettles. 4 BTH 7 |