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Show 182 PICTOGRAPHS OF THE NOBTH AMERICAN INDIANS. PROPERTY MARKS. The Serrano Indians in the vicinity of Los Angeles, California, formerly practiced a method of marking trees to indicate the corner boundaries of patches of land. According to Hon. A. F. Coronel, of the above- named city, the Indians owning areas of territory of whatever size would cut lines upon the bark of the tree corresponding to certain cheek lines drawn on their own faces, t. e.} lines running outward and downward over the cheeks or perhaps over the chin only, tattooed in color. These lines were made on the trees on the side facing the property, and were understanding^ recognized by all. The marks were personal and distinctive, and when adopted by land owners could not be used by any other person. This custom still prevailed when Mr. Coronel first located iu Southern California, about the year 1843. So is the account, but it may be remarked that the land was probably owned or claimed by a gens rather than by individuals, the individual ownership of land not belonging to the stage of culture of any North American Indians. Perhaps some of the leading members of the gens were noted in connection with the occupancy of the land, and their tattoo marks were the same as those on ^ ^ • • ^ ^ • • t the trees. The correspondence of these no. so- Boai paddle. A A » marks i s o f 8Pe c i a l importance. It is also noteworthy that the designations common to the men and the trees were understood and respected. y^ Vv Among the Ankara Indians a custom prevails of draw- ^ J^ ing upon the blade of a canoe or bull- boat paddle such designs as are worn by the chief and owner to suggest 5^£ his personal exploits. This has to great extent been C/^ adopted by the Hidatsa and the Mandans. The marks i- IL. are chiefly horseshoes and crosses ( see Figure 80), referring \ T\ Rj to the capture of the enemy's ponies and to coups in war- 11 fare or defense against enemies. J L The squaws being the persons who generally use the ITinl boats during the course of their labors in collecting wood U along the river banks, or in ferrying their warriors across the water, have need of this illustration of their husbands' prowess as a matter of social status, it being also a matter of pride. The entire tribe being intimately acquainted with the courage and bravery of any individual, imposi- ^ J] tion and fraud in the delineation of any character are not iSli attempted, as such would surely be detected and the impostor would be ridiculed if not ostracised. See in con- ^ 7 ^ nection with the design last figured, others under the heading of Signs of Particular Achievements, page 186. The brands upon cattle in Texas and other regions of the United |