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Show 1 0 4 PICTOGRAPHS OF THE NOETH AMERICAN INDIANS. No. III. Blackfeet Dakotas stole some American horses having shoes on. Horseshoes seen for the first time. Mato Sapa says: Blackfeet Dakota stole American horses with shoes on, then first seen by them. Major Bush agrees with Mato Sapa. White- Cow Killer calls it " Brought in- horseshoes winter." Battiste. Good says: " Brought- home- Pawnee- horses- with- iron shoes-on winter." 1803-' 04.- No. I. A Blackfeet steals many curly horses from the As-sinaboines. No. II. They stole some " curly horses" from the Crows. Some of these horses are still seen on the plains, the hair growing in closely-curling tufts, resembling in texture the negro's woolly pile. The device is a horse with black marks for the tufts. The Crows are known to have been early in the possession of horses. No. III. Uncpapa Dakotas stole five woolly horses from the Bee Indians. White- Cow- Killer calls it " Plenty- woolly- horses winter." Mato Sapa says: Uncpapa stole from the Bees five horses having curly hair. Major Bush same as last, using " woolly" instead of " curly." Battiste Good says: " Brought- hoine- Pawnee- horses- with- their- hair-rough- and- curly winter." 1804-' 05.- No. I. Calumet dance. Tall- Mandan born. No. II. The Dakotas had a calumet dance and then went to war. The device is a long pipe- stem, ornamented with feathers and streamers. The feathers are white, with black tips, evidently the tail feathers of the adult golden eagle ( Aquila chrysaetos), highly prized by all Indians. The streamers anciently were colored strips of skin or flexible bark; now gayly colored strips of cloth are used. The word calumet is a corruption of the French chalumeau, and the pipe among all the Mississippi tribes was a symbol of peace. Captain Carver, in his Three Years' Travels Through the Interior Parts of North America, Philadelphia, 1796, which travels began in 1766, after puzzling over the etymology of the word calumet ( that honest " captain of Provincial troops" obviously not understanding French), reports it as " about 4 feet long, bowl of red marble, stem of a light wood curiously painted with hieroglyphics in various colors and adorned with feathers. Every nation has a different method of decorating these pipes and can tell at once to what band it belongs. It is used as an introduction to all treaties, also as a flag of truce is among Europeans." The event commemorated in the figure was probably a council of some of the various tribes of the nation for settlement of all internal difficulties, so as to act unitedly against the common enemy. J. C. Beltrami, who visited the Dakotas not long after this date, describes them in his Pilgrimage, London, 1828, as divided into independent tribes, managing their separate affairs |