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Show INSTRUMENTS USED IN PICTOGRAPHY. These are often of anthropologic interest. A few examples are given as follows, though other descriptions appear elsewhere in this paper. INSTRUMENTS FOE CARVING. This includes etching, pecking, and scratching. The Hidatsa, when carving upon stone or rocks, as well as upon pieces of wood, use a sharply pointed piece of hard stone, usually A fragment of quartz. The bow drill was an instrument largely used by the Innuit of Alaska in- carving bone and ivory. The present method of cutting figures and other characters, to record events and personal exploits, consists in the use of a small blade, thick, though sharply pointed, resembling a graver. INSTRUMENTS FOR DRAWING. When in haste, or when the necessary materials are not at hand, the Hidatsa sometimes prepare notices by drawing upon a piece of wood or the shoulder blade of a buffalo with a piece of charcoal obtained from the fire, or with a piece of red chalk, with which nearly every warrior is at all times supplied. INSTRUMENTS FOR PAINTING. Painting upon robes or skins is accomplished by means of thin strips of wood, or sometimes of bone. Tufts of antelope hair are also used, by tying them to sticks to make a brush. This is evidently a modern innovation. Pieces of wood, one end of each chewed so as to produce a loose fibrous brush, are also used at times, as has been observed among the Titon Dakota. The Hidatsa, Ankara, and other Northwest Indians usually employ a piece of buffalo rib, or a piece of hard wood, having somewhat of an elliptical or lozenge- shaped form. This is dipped in thin glue and a tracing is made, which is subsequently treated in a similar manner with a solution of glue, water, and color. 48 |