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Show 82 PICT0GBAPH8 OP THE NORTH AMERICAN IND1AN8. were indicated by cutting notches into the corners, each tenth cut extending across the face of the stick. For instance, if the herder had thirteen oxen in charge, he selected that edge of the stick which bore upon the handle the >- shape, and cut nine short notches, one long one, and three short ones. Labor sticks were also used by the Indians. On one side was a circle intersected with cross lines to denote money, and on the opposite side, which was reserved for time, either nothing or some character, according to the fancy of the owner. Short notches on the money side indicated reals, long cuts pesos. On the opposite side short cuts indicated days, and long cuts weeks. For further reference to this subject, see Reliquiae Aquitanicse; etc., by Edouard Lartet and Henry Christy, # • London, 1875, p. 183 et seq. ORDER OF SONGS. Many instances have been published in regard to the use of mnemonic characters to preserve the remembrance of songs. The words of these are invariable as well as the notes to which they are chanted. Both words and notes must have been previously memorized by the singers. Ideographic characters might give the general interpretation, but would not suggest the exact words. Schoolcraft, 1,361, remarks: Sounds are no further preserved by these mnemonic signs, than is incident, more or less, to all pure figurative or representative pictures. The simple figure of a quadruped, a man, or a bird, recalls the name of a quadruped, a man or a bird. * * We may thus recall something of the living language from the oblivion of the past, by the pictorial method. Mnemonic symbols are thus at the threshold of the hieroglyphic. One of the best examples of this mnemonic device is one of the Ojib-was, found in Schoolcraft, op. ctt, I, page 362 et seq., and called by him Songs of the Meda. His illustration is reproduced as Plate IV, and his explanation, much condensed, is as follows: No. 1. A medicine lodge filled with the presence of the Great Spirit, who, it is affirmed, came down with wings to instruct the Indians in these ceremonies. The meda, or priest, sings, " The Great Spirit's lodge- you have heard of it. I will enter it." While this is sung, and repeated, the priest shakes his shi- shi- gwun, and each member of the society holds up one hand in a beseeching manner. All stand, without dancing. The drum is not struck during this introductory chant. No. 2. A candidate for admission crowned with feathers, and hold-ing, suspended to his arm, an otter- skin pouch, with the wind represented as gushing out of one end. He sings, repeating after the priest, all dancing, with the accompaniment of the drum and rattle: * # " I have always loved that that I seek. I go into the new green leaf lodge." |