OCR Text |
Show 278 MESSRS. B. C. A. WINDLE AND F. G. PARSONS ON [Nov. 3, according to Mivart and Murie (74), or only two for the hallux and index (Meckel, VII.). In our specimen (74) we found tendons for the hallux and index, but they were inserted into the proximal phalanges. In the Elephant (85), Paterson and Dun notice that the muscle rises not only from the calcaneum but from the navicular, base of the metatarsal of the medius, and the dorsal ligaments of the tarsus; it is inserted into all three phalanges of the medius, the slip to the terminal phalanx joining the extensor longus to that digit; on the right side it is inserted into the annularis as well. In Miall and Greenwood's (81) and Cuvier and Laurillard's (84) specimens details are wanting, but the muscle only goes to the medius in the former and to the medius and annularis in the latter. Like the extensor longus this muscle is remarkable for often having an insertion into the proximal or middle phalanges. It is always supplied by the anterior tibial nerve. Peroneal Region. Peroneus longus.- This muscle in the Hippopotamidae (1, 3) and Suidae (4, 6, 8, 11, 13, 14) rises from the external tuberosity of the tibia and the head of the fibula, though sometimes the latter origin may be absent; it passes behind the external malleolus and across the sole as usual to be inserted into the innermost cuneiform. In the other Artiodactyla its apparent origin is always from the external tuberosity of the tibia, but in our Harnessed Antelope (55) we found that some of its fibres could easily be traced upward to the condyle of the femur, forming an oblique band of fibrous tissue on the outer side of the long external lateral ligament of the knee. In a former paper (" Joints of Mammals," Journ. of Anat. vol. xxxiv. p. 307) one of us has drawn attention to the constant twisting of the fibres of this ligament, and we have now very little doubt that its superficial layer which runs downward and forward is really the remains of the origin of the peroneus longus from the femur. Although the Harnessed Antelope shows this in the most marked way, it can be made out by careful dissection in most Ungulates. The insertion in these Artiodactyla is chiefly into the under side of the base of the great cannon-bone. Among the Perissodactyla the muscle is present in the Tapiridae (58, 61) and Rhinocerotidas, and its femoral origin can easily be traced. In the Equidae (63, 64, 65) there is no peroneus longus. In the Subungulata it rises entirely from the head of the fibula in Hyrax (74, 75) and is inserted into the base of the index metatarsal. In the Elephant, Paterson and D u n made out a distinct femoral and tibial origin (85), while the same is clearly figured by Cuvier and Laurillard (84). Miall and Greenwood, however, failed to notice any femoral origin (XXIX.). The insertion, according to Paterson and Dun, whose account is by far the most exact and detailed of any wc have yet seen |