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Show 1903.] THE MUSCLES OF THE UNGULATA. 273 family. In the Chevrotain, Kinberg (X.) says that it is inserted into the trochanteric fossa, but the origin is the same as in the Suidae. Among the Cervidee we have records of it in Cervus {26), Cariacus (28), and Alces (30), and in these it passes to the middle third of the femur. Of the Giraffidse we have no definite records. Among the Bovidae it seems to be variable. In the Ox, Chauveau (II.) notices that it is in two bundles, and so it is in the College of Surgeons' specimen (39); Lesbres (V.) says that this is true for all ruminants, and we are not surprised to meet with this description since we have found it double in other orders of mammals ; still in our specimens of Sheep (46, 47, 49), Duiker-bok (54), and Harnessed Antelope (55) we looked in vain for a division. In these three animals the origin was instructive : in the Sheep (46) it rose from the whole of the ilio-pectineal line and was inserted into the upper two-thirds of the femur; in the Fat-tailed Sheep (47) and Duiker-bok (54) it rose only from the angle of the pubis and went to the upper half of the femur; while in the Harnessed Antelope (55) it rose from the outer end of the ilio-pectineal line close to the psoas and was inserted into the femur just below the lesser trochanter. In the Tapirida? (61, 62) the origin is from the pelvic brim as usual, but the insertion is very high up behind the lesser trochanter or even, according to Murie, into the trochanteric fossa. In the Equidse (63, 65, 67) the muscle is well marked and rises either from the ligamentum teres, which in this animal comes out of the cotyloid notch and runs forward to the hypogastric region, or splits to allow that ligament to pass through its origin ; it is inserted into the middle third of the femur. In the Rhinoceros (71) it is inserted into the junction of the middle and lower thirds of the femur by a rounded tendon. Among the Subungu-lata, in the Hyrax (see text-fig. 26, p. 274) (74, 75, 78) and Elephant (81, 84) it has the usual origin from the anterior ramus of the pubis, while the insertion is into the middle third of the femur. The nerve-supply may, as in Man, be anterior crural, obturator, or both. In the Duiker-bok, Sheep, and Hyrax it was supplied by the obturator alone, in the Harnessed Antelope by the anterior crural alone, while in the Peccary it received twigs from both nerves. Adductor mass.-Many of the dissectors of Ungulates in the past have, we believe, been stimulated by their knowledge of human anatomy to artificially divide up this mass in an unnecessary manner. In the animals which we have dissected we have noticed that the nerve to the gracilis from the obturator forms a convenient indication of the interval between the adductor longus and the rest of the mass. W h e n this interval is clearly marked an adductor longus may fairly be described, but unless this is the case there seems to us little object in separating one part of the mass from the rest. Among the Artiodactyla there seems more difficulty in distinguishing an adductor longus from the rest of the mass than there is in the Perissodactyla or Subungulata, though it is P R O C . ZOOL. Soc-1903, V O L . II. No. XVIII. 18 |
