OCR Text |
Show .'s94 JNDE.~ . Circulating medium of a country, and of th~ state importing it, ~17- change in the value of, alters the rli - 2~5-influ nee of the cost of pro-trihntion of its p roduce, 447, 448. clueing corn on the wages of labour, Civil liberty produce prudential habits 2-1.1, Q42- p rice of wheat in the in the lower clas es of soci ty , 25 1. 1 :Jth and 16th c nt uries, 27 1-273 Comfort, tandard of, variou in diffe r- - in the 17th century , 277-in the ent countries, Q4.9. 18th cc1 I ury, ~79--and in the former Commerce, interH al and external, con- p art of the 19th century, 280- ge· sid ered as a means of incr ·asing the n eral ob e rvation.· on the prices of exchangeable value of produce, 440 corn during the la t five centuries, -46 ~ . · ~8 1 --292- p articularl y as affected Commodities, prices of, d epend upon by the sea on , 284-286. the causes" mich call fortlt , or render Co.- t of production, considered as it unnecessary, a great. or in tens de- affects exchangea ble value, 72-76 mapd, 66-tlJe prices of commodities, - the 1 rue way of viewing the costs how influenced by supply and de- of production, in their effe cts upon mand, 64-72-al o by the cost of prices, is, a the necessary conditions production, 7 2'-80-natural and of the supply of the objects wanted, ncces Hry prices of commodities, 78- tll ·se conditions ·tated, 79, 80, what, 83, 84-the prices of commo- 81 - the hi gh com parative cost of dities further influenced by the Ia- production, how far a cause of the hour which they have cost, 84-108 hi h comparative price of corn 1 194 -and by the labour which they will -198. command, 118-126- ·a mere ex- Cotton manufactures of Great Britain, change of commodities useless, 442 cause., of the increased demand for, -the actual value of them how to be 40.2, 403. estimated, 416. Cultivation does not always proceed Consumers (unprodncti~e), difficulty of equally with population, and why, ascertaining what proportion of to 1 27 - in what lllanner the high com-the productive classes, is most fa- parative co ·t of, afl'acts the price of vourable to the increase of wealth, corn, 194- 198. 464-the distribution occasioned by Cultivator, on the necessary separation them considered a a means of in- of the pmfits of, froru the rent of creasing the exchangeable value of land, 150-160. the whole produce, 465- 490. Currency, irregul arities in, a temporary Corn, on the ~alue of, 126-128-a cause of high price that may mislead mean between it and labour, consi- landlords in letting their lands to dered as a measure of real value in their own injury , and to the injury ex~hange, !28--133-risc in the of the country, 203. pr1ce of, raises rents, 165, 166-fall in its price, terminating in altering the value of the precious metals, lowers rent, 179-on the dependence of the actual quantity obtained from Jand, upon the existing rents and the existing prices, 183-191-diiference between the price of corn and that of manufactures, with regard to na_tural or necessary price, 184-the p~1ce of c_orn, how influenced by a difference 1Il the value of the precious Jlletal_s, 19."3-and by the high compal'atlve cost of production, 194- 198-corn would not be cheaper or more plentiful, if landlords wer~ to give the whole of their rents to their tenants, 201, 202-influence of the importation of corn, on the connection of the interesb of the landlord ' D. Demand and Supply, these terms con .. sidered, 63, 64- the relation between them, how to be ascertained, 65- demand and supply, considered a~ a measure of value, 66-72- the prmciple of demand and supply determines both natural prices and mar.ket prices, 76, 76- inftuencc of demand and supply, on the wages ~f labou_r, 240-246--eifective demand w11l command general wealth, 417. . Distresses of the labouring classes smce 1815, caused by deficiency or Joss of capital, 444·-416-490-b04-the remedies for these distresses are, first, an increased national revenue, b05-which can be obtained only .bY an union of the means of distributloll INDEX. -.vith the powers of production, 505- 507-413-4 ~ 6- ancl ~er.ondly, an increase in the ('XChangeable value of the whole produce, estimated in bullion and in the command of this bulJlon over fqrei .gn and domestic labour, 585, 508-5~0. Distribution, a union of the means of, with the powePs of introduction, necessary in order to ensure a continued increase of wealth, 4·13- 426 -of the distribution occasioned by the divi sion of land ed property, considered as a means of increa sing the exchangeable value of the whole produce, 427 - •140- the distribution occasioned by commerce, internal and external, considered as a means of increasing the excltangeabl~ v~lu e of produce, 440-46~-the dJstn?ution occasioned by unproductive consumers, considered as the means of increa~ing the value of the whole produce, 4·63-490. E. Economists, strictures on the differences between, and Adam Smith, 2, 3-the comparative merits of their systems and of that of Adam Smith, depend chiefly on their different definitions of wealth, 261 which term the Economists have confined within too narrow limits, 27 -the opinion of !he Economists, that the term productive ]abour should be confined exclusively to labour employed upon land, considered and shewn to be erroneous, 36, 37 -erroneous views of the e~onomists, respecting the unproducti>ve nature of trade, 441, 442. See 1 o-litical Economy. . Education influence .of, on the condition of the labouring classes, 252 •. value in exchange, defi ned, 6 ~ real value in exchange , ih .- of demand and supply, as they aff ct exchangea ble valu , 63-7~-co. t of production, a::, it affects exchangeable value, 72- 8J.- of the labou•· which a commodity has cost, co11 idered as a measure of exchang •able value, 84- 1 08- of the labour w hi ·h a commodity will command, con!lidered as a measure of rent value in exchange, 118-126-of a mean hetween corn and la bour, considered as a measure of ?'cal value in exchange, 126- 1 S3·- thc exchangeable value of a com1uodity cea!'lcs, where such commoditv cxi ts in a. great excess ahov , the ~v ants of those who use it, 186, 1!37-thc di tribution occasioned by the divi sion of landed property, con id red as a means of incrca ing the exchang ' able value of the whole produce, 4'!!7- 440-the distribution occasioned by commerce considered as a means of in~ creasing such exchangeable value, 440 -462-an increase in the exchangeable valueofthewbole produce, necessary to remove the exi sting di stressc~ of this country, 505, 508- 520. Exceptions. See Limitations .. Exports (British), amount of, m conse· quence of machinery, 407. F. Fertility of Jan~, the only sourc~ of permanently h1gh returns fo1' cap1tal, 234, 235-other advantages result ing from a fertile soil, 235-238-:fertility of soil, co_n s idcr~d HS a sti mulus to the contmucd mcrease of wealth, 37 5- 401. Fortune the desire of r ealizing one, a sacred duty in private life, 47~. France, rates of wag s of labow· m, for the last two centuri es, 284·- succession to property there, how rc~ulated, 433-eonsiderations on Its probable results, 43.3-435 . England, population of, why not Increased in the same proportiOn as ~hat of Ireland, during the same peno?, 253, ~90-rates of wag~s the_re, m the 15th and 16th centunes, w1t~ remarks tlJcreon, 268, 269-espectally in the :16th century, 281, 282- Garnier (M.), re~;ation of the ~pi-prices of wheat. there, irt the. 15th nions of, that pcl'formers on ~u Icfll and 16th centunes, 271, 272-m the instruments arc unproductive Ja- 17th century, 277-in the 18th ccn- bourers, while the instnu.nent them-t 279-and in the former part of nry, h d'ff~ t selves are cousidcrcd r1c 11 e , •J 6 - the 19th century, 280-t e 1 ere~ and t hat the st'rvauts of Gov •rnmcnt values of silver in England and m are unproductive labou~er , 47. Bengal, accounted for\ 114· . Gold. See .MettJls, (pTecwus.) l~ h of value in .5~-nommal ~xc ange, ' Ill Q 2 |