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86 FOOTNOTES IT. A. Richard, A History of American Mining (New York; 1932); Ray Allen Billington, The Far Western Frontier, 1830-1860 (New Yor~J1956), pp. 218-268; Rodman Wilson Paul, Minin Frontiers of the Far West, 1848-1880 (New Yor~) 1963); Otis E. Young, Jr., Western Mining Norman~,1970 ; ~ William S. Greever, The Bonanza West: The Story of the Western MiniR'g 1iushes, 1848-1900 (Normant , 1963). 2 Allan G. Bogue, Thomas D. Phillips, and James E. Wright, The West of the American People (Itasca, Illinois~) 1970), pp. 355-356. 3Ibid . 4Ray Allen Billington, Westward Expansion, A History of the American Frontier, 3rd edition (New Yorkt, 1967), p. 618. 5~., pp. 618-619. 6Ibid ., p. 619. 7Although steeped in a Turnerian framework, a good overview of early mining in the West remains, Billington, Westward Expansion. Also, see Young, Western Mining and Greever, The Bonanza West. 8Elroy Nelson, "Industry: A Foundation of Utah's Economy," Utah Historical Quarterly, Volume XXI (Summer, 1963),?,179. Also, see Elroy Nelson, Utah's Economic Patterns (Salt Lake City~) Univorsi~r gf Ut~l Ple~~ 1956), p. 83. The following forms a partial listing of those sources relevant to Utah mining: Utah Historical Quarterly, Vol. XXXI (Summer, 1963); Daughters of Utah Pioneers, compo by Kate B. Carter, The Story of Mining in Utah, Lesson for October, 1963; Salt Lake City Chamber of Commerce, What Mining Means to Utah, (Salt Lake City: Chamber of Commerce, 1929); Leonard J. Arrington, Great Basin Kin dom: An Economic Histo of the Latter-dar Saints, 1830-1900 (Cambridge, 1958 ; Jo R. Murphy, The Mineral Resources 0 t e Territo of Utah (Salt Lake City, 1872); Robert G. Raymer, "Early Mining in Ut ," Paci ic Historical Review, VIn (1939), 81-88; Robert H. Bradford, "Utah Mineral Deposits and Their Metallurgical Treatment," in The Salt Lake Mining Review, Vol. 10 No. 18, (December 30, 1908); Miles P. Romney, "Historical Review of Mining in Utah," Mining Congress Journal, Vol. 49, No.5, (May 1963),48-52; C. E. Needham and Alfred M. Buranck, Metal Mining in Utah Since the Depression and Through the Post-War Years, 1935 to 1950, Circular No. 37, The Utah Geological and Minerological Survey (Salt Lake City; 1950); James B. Allen, "The Changing Impact of Mining on the Economy of Twentieth Century Utah," Utah Historical Quarterly, Vol 38 (Summer, 1970), pp. 240-255; Utah Mining Association, Utah's Mining Industry (3rd edition) August, 1967. See also sources in Footnote n.