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Show 000 Ex. Doc. No. 4 L. by the camp fires, without slePping-. talking and laughing ince~santl y. The interpreter of .the Man co pas told Mr. E~ ~ry thts morning that he could take htm to a house north of the Gtla larger than that we saw yesterday; being invited to go, I went, ~nd fou.nd no hou e but a mound 50 yards by 30, about 6 feet lugh, w1th loose bas~ltic rock.:; coYering it; four slopes on top was loose stones, dirt, and pottery; around this, on the east .side, a s~ r t of low tel·race 100 yards on that side and 20 yaJCis Wide, term tnated by loose slon~s some of thrm ::;et on edge. The mound ranged with the points' of the compass; anll, from the top of it, the whole adjacent country could be seen. In the vicinity, northwest, was a broad hole, surrounded by a mound similar in size and appearance· to t~e well of yestC'ruay, evidently once excavated, and .filled up agatn. In the ruins, the guide said , ornamental stones, 1n vessels, were Rome times found after a rain; th se the P imos prize as ornaments, but cut them smaller. I found a sma 11 sPa-she] J, p r r fora ted, which had been worn as an ornament; other reliC's Wt're picked up by Lieutenant Emory's party. The guide and other Indians informed tnf' that on Salt river the ruins of th£'sc houses are more extensive; that an old secia is there yet plain to be ::;een many m1les in length, and in every direction there are houses, some of them sli~l standing lofty. This account has he£>n gi\-·en by various trappers, one of whom reports the old secia 30 miles in length. We returned towards the village, and found the camp in some of their corn-fields, whic·h are separated by fenees, and arc all cultivated by i1 rigalion~ apparently with care; the cotton was still standing in some of the patches, but the frost had killed verything. The general had a talk with Ivan Antonio, the chief, t!nd was welcomed by him; the people soon filled our camp, trading went on, and we got provisions enough, but only one beef and no mules; two thin mules being disclamed for one fat one. The Indian 8, although they were crowding about our tents, and every thing Wtls exposed f.o them, made no effort to steal anything. ... Pottery found at tho rnn. I Ex. Doc. No. 41. 601 November 12.-Awoke this morning to hear the crowing of the cock and the baying of the wat c h-dog, reminding me of civilization afar off in the green valley of our country; we waited until 9 before starting; left some mules with the c hief, Don Antonio, whose Indian name is Banbutt, and marched down through the settlements of the Pimos and Coco Maricopas, whieh are <dl south of the Gila, and encamped b yond thPm, (dist ance 15 miles,) under the base of a mountain lying wrst of the villagt:>s. The houses of ..;r;,..;.· • ;: .• ~ .: . _ ;,:-~ ... t h e s e I n d i a n s are a 11 b u i l t a I i k e : a r i b w o r k ,.~, ~~~ _J[ .. U of po 1 ('s 12 or. 15 ft·ct in <1 i<nn <'ter is rut - .Hi4~ -- - - up, thatched w1th straw, an(l then covered on top with dirt, in the centre of this thry bu ild thrir fires; this is the winter 1oclgt·: they tnake sheds with forks, and covt>r them with flat roofs of willow rods for summrr shelters. The heat is no doubt very intense hcte in summer, so that at midday one could scarce Yen t u r e out on the so i I b a r e fo o t. T h c In d i a n s t' x hi bit no s y m ptoms of taciturnity; but, on the contrary, give vent to their thoughts an d fe t' I in g s without n· (Is on , I a ugh i n g a n d c h at tin g tog d h l' r ; :-1 n d a parcel of young g i r1 s, w i t h I on g h ai r s l rt' am i n g to their waists, and no other rov(·ring- than a cl an white colton blanket folded arouncl their mid die and ext <'n ding to their k n ces, were m err y as ~l n y g r o u p o f 1 i k e a g c .1111 I s l x to b e m f' t w i t h i n o u r own co u n try. T h e P i m o s an d Co C' o JVT a r i c o p as h ave o .n 1 y r e r c· n t I y go t tog c tl1 cr. The fa b 1 e of the I> i 111 o s is, t hat t b l' i r fi r s t parr n t was caught up to heaven, ~ nd from that time God lost sight of thl·m, and they wandert.>d to the west; that thc·y l'amr f1ou1 th~ n ~·ing su n; the others found themselves on the Colorado, and bavt> since gradually got here by following the Gila. They arc evidently a different r a e c, speak e n t i r e J y d i ff e r c n t ton g u r s , b u t h a v r a d o p l e d t h e same cost u me~ and a p par l' n t I y t be same l1 a hi t s j t b l i r h o us c's are a 1 ike, and they unite in good principles. The chtef of the Pimos said to the g c n era I that God had p 1 a(' c cl hi rn o v (' r his p eo pI l', n n d he enJeavorcd to Jo the be. t for them; he gave them good advice>, and they had fatl1 e rs and grantlfathers who gave them good ndvice a lso; they were told to take nothing but what belongrd to them, and to / eve r s p e a k t h e t 1 u t h ; t h e y d e sire d to b c· a. t p c a c e w i l h e v c r y o n e ; therefore would not join us or th M('xicans in our <lifficu1~ics. He shook hands with and bid us welcome, and hopul we m1ght have good luck on our journ(•y. IJe Raid we woultl find the cl1icf of the Maricopa s a rna n 1 ike h i m s e 1 f, an cl one who g n v e E: i m i I a r counsel to his people. On our roaJ, the interpreter of the Marie o 1J as sa i u t h e ll at J an d we c o u l d s e l' a c ross t h c G i I a , t o w a r d ::: t h e mountaius, thtough which debou <..h the Salt and S,m Fr1nrisco nvcrs, is filled with ; n ·ient ruins, n11d that some of the housc·s l-lre still standing; that their p eopl<' know nothing of the build_<·r: of them. Our route lay through the plain, ov(~ t gJown, w!l<'ll 1t was not cu1tivatr(l, with Frcmontia or mlsquite, &c. A ~tnng of cotton- woods border the river, and throughout the country there are no other trees. The roa<l was dur.ty and dry; our camp in an extensiv~ pasture, reaching for milc·s under the mountains. The vast numb~r of people who once lived in thi country, as !;hown by the |