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Show 1 . Ex. Doc. No. 41. There was a. gr at dral of pottery about our camp, ancl just abov us wrr ·the supposed remain of a large Indian sctllctncnt, di{fering very .lightly from tltos alr ady d.'snib('d . .N'cn em bcr .-Th c who I c day'~ .1 o urn ry wa~ through a ca iion 1 and the ri,· r wa ·eros. •d twehe or fif'tf'en ttm<·s. 'l'lH' sand was dc'<'p, and occn. ion ally the trail much obstrn ·ted hy p 'bbles of pavingstone. Th wiilow grew ·o dcnsrly in many pla<'es as to stop our progrcs , and oblig ·us to look for spots less thiclly overgrown, tbrough whirh we could brr<dc. Th' precipices on each side wer · st<'l'p; the rock was mostly g-ra.nit' and a compact sandy lim ·stone, with ocrasional se<Hns of b:lsa! L and trap; and towards the end of the day, calcareous sancl stone, ancl a ·onglomC'rate of sandstone, feldspar, fragm ·nts of basalt, pebbles, &c. Th slratiftcation was very confu:etl and irrrgubr, sometime p rfcct1y Yl'rtical but mostly dipping to th southwest, at an <.1ngl• of :30°. Va t boulders of pure quartz; the river, iu places, wa pav •d with them. About two mil c · from ramp, our conn; wa trav(•rsr<l lJy a St'am of y llowish colored ign<'ous rock, shooting up into irn·gular spir s and turrets, one or two thousand fed :n height. Jt ran at rig-ht angles to the riYer, and ext 'ndecl to the north, and to the south, in n <:hain of mouutains as far as the eye could H:l<'h. Onr of tlt<•sc towers was cappc<l with a subst:-tnre, many hundred f'ct thick, disp o s c d in h o r i z on tal s t r a t a o f d i if t• r en t eo 1 or s, fro m d c p r c d to light y ·llow. Partially disintcgr:-ttcd, ancllaying at the foot of the rhain of spin·s, wa a yellowish ealcarcou~ sandstone, altered by fir<•, in large amorphous m.asscs. For a better description of thi Jandscap , see the sketch by Mr. 1 tanly. To t lie w c s l, about :1. m i I e lJ c low us, an c1 r 11 n n in g par a 11 d to the fLrst, is another similtlr scam, cut through by the Gila, at a gn·at butte, shaped like a hous ·. The top of this bulle appc<n. to hnve o n c e f o r m c cl t h e tab 1 c J an d , an <l i: .- t i 11 c o v vr e d w i l h v c• g dati o n . Through both these barriers the riv ·r has been ·oncluctcd by some other mran~ than attrition. \V}H•r ' it pass<'S th<' fir t, il pres •nli the nppearancf' of a va . t v.·all torn down by blows of a trip h:lll111H'r. U n d c r to-day s d at e, in a p p <· n d i x No. 2, ·w ill b c> found m an)' intrr stin ~plants, ht1t th t' 'Hinl'ipal growth \\ :ts as u..-unl, Pitahaya, acacia, lJrosopis, 11' t('ll\ontia, and ohiont' canesn·ns. The latilud • of this ramp, whirh is ·within a mile of thr spot where we take a final l<' <l\'C of the mountains, is, by th mean of the ob ~ ervations on north and south stars, po Jar is <1 n d beta aq uari i, 3:3o 05' 4.0" ; its longitud(•, derived by HH'nsurc'm('llt and aL o by the chronomdric difl'•r<•n ''of' meridian bdW('('Jl this and the camp of NoV('lllber 5th, is 111° 1:3' ]011 west or Or('('IIWi('h, nnd the ht·ighl of the riYcr at this point above tb' sea, as indical ·d by th' barom- . ctcr, 1,751 f 'd. At night, for the first tim sine ]raving Vawnrc Fork, I was int 't rupt• d for a momc•nt in my observations, by moistur · C'oll<•ding on the glas of my hori:t:on shade, showing a dt•grce of humidity in |