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Show 606 Ex. Doc. No. 41. ( Thursdn'l )-Awoke at day·dawn, as usual, and November 19, . h 1 Yk· 1 the air very cold. We clirub the f l · .• half an 111 c t ll c , an< ' 11 · t oun( 1LC . . 30 f· 't and trav(;l ·un til we gra<lua y gl t I~ o tau I e-b (' n L h a ~a I u G '1 c c . ' . . . \ t t h e poi n t o f ]3 i <r h o r n m o u n t a 1ll ' l l ttom ot the 1 a .,g.nn' • . b. Th' ll~ JO l t. \ f th~ Bighorn or rnountam sheep. ts wl~r-re ~·~rfott{1~c; ~·~~cc,\ c~tt~ ~ shr.cp, but with very shor_l hair ull_over; ~nllna1 ~ I .• like. those of the common wcthet; Its_ color In the ItS hor!r \~~~f-l ee of a (\Un CO\\; back and side~ ruld_lS~~ grey> and fa c: c ' I \. e .. 1 ,1 . t t 1( l .t t c t· ll rlll in ' rl o w n w i l h a d Is t t n c t lt n e o f th b ttoc\·' W 11 C- IC \\ I n } 1 c . u t' ~~to thr hocks. The animal prohahly weighed 70_rounc s; ~ emarca t,~ n r ~hort tail about two <lnd a half inche~; the foot v_ery 1 ~ had al ' e r) • "l or' t lt c tn a 1 c } l s show c d t h c m s c l v e s on t h c chiTs' 1 s 1ecp· ~eYer<~ ' . 'e ~ . ·l t h ~ }. cl i m b c cl w it h great far i lit y ; t h l'lf h or n s we r e v_ e r_y i1!t.,~:.l~n~l their ' appearance mu ch oiffuent ftom ~he ft·m.alc; . 1t lS ~ .r-.1 t'l' ·. 1 ot·ns sometimes wci<brh more than then bod1es. _The s· au t·l C· lt 1p on •w h• ich they d1. sappcan·< l · . ~ lalotd of IS a coarse amyg.c. . moun· ,nn n 1 · cnite the curren·t of· W1t ll• C h w.·1 s a sor t o 1 grantte , g~~~~1{1 a~l~c ~~chrit:ts. West of this point, there were strata .of Pd 1 yl 1 sl·tt" allcrnat<'ly with ~andstone aud coarse grantte ar{-CO orel • ... , · . · ) 1 fi 11 h am daloirl, (their strata and thetr lamtnal; t 1e 1e l s very m~c _ b .0)~ 11 • at one point dipping south; a hu~drcd yards further , chp ~ ' t " n (l " (T •1 i n y e r tic a I · t h e m o u n t a w rang c was n a r r o w , and P 1 n cr \V c s , ~~ " b ' ' . · · · t · l to 0 ff outhcast· and beyond, Ill that dtrcct10n, I appearec. ~~n ° e i~ charact'cr. The diluvion was the same as re~tc_rday, ex-t1l at west of the Bighorn, it had more sand, \vhtch, 1n places, ~~~~ clr~fte tl in to heaps. Distance, 1 U~ m_i J es, wec;t south west. Enl on abundance of coarse grass, In what recently hacl been ~-~:nb~~ of the river , the channe l being n~·w a few ~1un<lred ya~ds north . the bottom of the river abounded 1n p~aces Incrusted wtth ' sal t and crrown with a vegetable wtth round pulpy leaf, ~~ pec~liar to the sa~t plains. The sar_ne ~1as be~n th.e ~ case since we lost sigh_t of {or~er habllattOns, render- ~ ing it probable that th1s land ~1ll n ot produce by cul-tivation. 0[ the salt plain~, the vegct_ation was ""cry _much ~h~ 5 am e as a b 0 v e , but a 1 itt I e t lua n e r ; n o tun b c r on m o u n t a 111 or lnll , in fact, Bighorn did not support a shrub; the cotton-wood on the b d f the Gila being the only apology for treefl, and none of t~~me~~ry l arge. ' rn 1771, a. F ranciscan friar (Padre Garcez) d e scr ·ibes the Gila as f r inged w tt~ pl enty of y oung co~ton-woo d ~ , so th at h e cou1 a h a rdly see the n ver: W c p assed a httle cane In .a 81 0 ugh e a 8 t 0 f the p o i n t of t h e B 1 g h or n , en o u g l~ for a d o z en an t mals or so ; which is the on ly place where any ~htng could hal t for a single ni <rht, except this. Several of our anuna ls fell far to the rear in co;ing to camp, and t~ e onl~ one o~ our beef catlle l eft was not to be fou nd this morntng. 1• rom this out , then , our foo.d must be p eas, bea ns, and corn, wi th mule-meat, if we should fi nd 1t n ecessary to come t o t h at. . . . Nov ember 20, (Friday.) - The mornwg co?l; .1ce formed 1n our vessels · Captain Moore re ports that one of lus s1Ck men had fallen to the :ear· ord ers were given to start one hour later than usual; the man c~me up in t he night; marched at a quarter past 9, and I f .. • Ex. Doc. No. 41. 607 ascended the diluvial bench, which we found very sanuy; and off to our left., in the sou t hcaRt, we could SC'e a very long sand-hr.ap, laying ncar the van of l3tgb orn mountain; the pl .tin rc.u·IH·d td' the south and northwest, to the limits ot lhr horiznn, 111 placeR; in others, intPrrcptf'd by monut~in pPaks, which stood upon tht> surfare, as if built, although f.ul1.tstic in shape, slt! ·p, :->rl'l rugged ; the road was loose, ancl hard upon the animah-thc pl'blJIPs arul sand. We got into t h P h ~) tt om o f t h L r i v c r n b o u l s i x m i Its o u t , w h t' r e w c fonnd the travdling very bul , 011 account of thP dry dust and bru~h. I'~nearnped about three qttat tf·r.:; of a. mile from the river, oppo~itc a numbl!r of salt IakPR, whieh were vt>ry miry; our animals, sevf'ral of thPm, got in, and one tired mule did not get out. The difficulty of fi. n ding t h c r i v e r lCL p t t h c m c n L1 t e in t h c n i lT h t b r for c they got through with getting water to cook with; thc~c s tit lakc3 would not suit. Ducks antl gct'sc abounded. D tstnnec, 16 milPs. About six m i I r s o u t , w h ere w c cl e"' c c n ( l e d t h c d ~ lu vi o n , w r passe< l ,1 m o u nt a i n of g r <' y i c;; h basal t, an c 1 so m c c vi c l f' n c e o f d i r;: p I a c· e d s t r a t a of coarse slate and clln ygd a l o i c1 at. the b1sr. We are apr roach in (T the Colorado, and hope to fiud it within 10 milcR. Our animals begin to show the effects of the hanl servicP, and m~ny of them no doubt are destined to leave their hones to bleach on the desert west of the Colorado. November 91, (Saturday.)-Marchecl at the u<>ual hour, our animals looking bad, from the effects of cold an(l the s1lt water which they drank. After marching seven miles, we ramc to the river, and waterecl. Along it, ~t this point, opposite to a four-tturelted point of the mountain, on the north f'iclc, there appears to he all along the river a fair prosped for a c a m p ; t h r e e m i I e s fur t h e r , an cl we e am e t ') a b o t~ tom in which we fotJ.nd a fine camp for this country. Grass en o u _g h f o r a h a It , an <1 the g en e r a l d e term i n e c l to I a y by f o r t h c day. T h c t hi c: k e t s on 1 he G i I a lu· r e are very d tfn c u l t to get through at first, but the brush being Fr6monlii, and mostly deacl, is not har<l to break away. The ~·otton· \voocls on the riYer are on an average one foot in diameter, and 2G or 30 feet high. The road was bad to-day, impeded with loose stones of a sort of species changing to mica slate. T he mountains to our southwe~t arC:composed of a loose-grained grnnite, which is so friable that it form s g r ottos, or oven-shaped cavities in its sides, the roof of which has t he fo rm, in many cases, of the regular arch, which, In fact, would s uggest that improvement in architecture, if it had not already been discovere d. The granite is com pose cl of a sup era bun d a nee of quartz and mica. November 22, (Sunday . )-Marched at the usual ho ur , and cont inued down the Gila. On the left bank, the fir s l. eight or nine miles, |