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Show Gt Ex. Doc. No. 41. leavin-g our last night's camp, for a milr, the g ncr;-ll appcaranrr, w i tl t h o l t h c v a 11 'y , a n d so i1 , m ur It r c s L' rn h l <' t h e li1 o s l f c> r t i I c p a r t s of that, river. This, ~o far, has <leciJ eclly the b<· ~ t soil, and the fall of the riYer being grea lrr, m;tkc~ it more c·a. y to irrigate. To-day we pas:cd one of the long sought ruins. I r~aminrd it minutely, nnll the only evidences of handinafl remainin g, w<•re immense quantities of broken 1~ottery, e. tending for two miles a1oug the river. Thrrc were a great many stonrs, rounded by attrition of the water, S('at1cred (!bout; and, if they had not on·asionally been di ... posc<l in lines forming r ctanglcs with ra ·h o1llrr, the supposition would be, that tbc•y had been deposi ted there by natttral causes. October 2·1.-To-day we laid by to recruit. Although the moon was nol in a favorable po. ition, I <nailed m) st'l f of' the· opportuni1y to gt'l a frw lunar distan ces. 18 ('ircum-m<•r idian altitude of beta aquarii, and J2 altitudes of polari ~, gi,·e for the Ja1itude of the place 32 ~ 44' 5:2", (lr}(l 8 distance~ between <I and Fomalhaut give forth<' longitud 109° 22' 00". We feasted to -day on tire blue <p~ a i 1 an d l e a l , an d at n i g h t ' l an l_y <: a m e i n w i l h n.. e; o o c . " S i g n :" of. bcav r and dec: w<.' rc very (hstrncl; the. e, wtth the wolf, cons lL t u t e t h c o n I y an un a I y d l r n c c d on t h e r i v e r . Oclobrr 25.-The general characl<.•r of the country is mnch th e same as b c f'o r r c pre , l'nt c d ; b ul towards camp, it b r o lc c into i rr <' ('rul ar and fantastic looking mountaiHs. A ro se-co lor ·d tint was i ~part ''d to the whole landscapr, by the prcdominan c(• of' red fclds par. T h e road b c c n m · b r o I·<.: n a n d d i fiJ cult a cs it w o un d its way around two short caiio ns. \V c wer~ ~ow in the regions made famous in old 'n times uy the f.thl~·s of L• nar_l'VTarcos? and cag<'rly did w asccnd CY<>ry mound, ex] Jedrng to sec lil the d1..tancc what L fear i8 but the fabulous" Casa .1\Iont<.•zum.a." One<>, as we turned a sh<Hp hill, the bold outline of a caslle 1nes~·n led itself, with the lops of tht> w~dl· horizon1al, the c o r ~ e r s v c rt t c- <II ~ n n 'l a p p n r e n t I y o 11 e f r o n t b a s t i o n c d . J\ J y (' o m - pauton <tgrecd w1th m .tlt~tt we t~l last bchelll tltis famed builcl1n g;· on we spurred our unwtlhng brule's; rc~Llc·ss for the show, L drew out my tcll'.!'copr, when to my di . a]_')pointment a clay bull<·,,, ith J<.'gular honzo11tal st•nms,. stood in the place of our castl<'; but to t h c n a l.c l' d c )' e t h e d c l ~~ s 1 o n w <1 s c o m p I c 1 e . I l is n o t i m p o s s i b I e th.at tlr1s \ <. ry hu.Lte, \\ l11ch ~tan ds on an imposing lH·igltt in the <"c·ntrc o1 a vast ~lllpllllltealre of turr ·ted hills, has be<:n tc~kcn uy tlre tn~ppers.' wdltn£{ to sec, (ltl<l more <'S}H'<'iaiJy to rrporl marvellous t h l1l g s, 1 or t h c " Cas a M on tc· z u m ~ . " T h c Indian s here d o n o t know the name Az1ec .. l\fontl'Zurna is the outward point in 1}1(•ir chronology; and as he rs suppost•d to ltavr livc<l and rcirrne<l for all t i m c p r e c ~' d in g h i s d i ~ n p p c a r a 11 c e , so d o t h c y s p c a k ~ f c v c r y ev ·n t prccedtng the ~pant~ It co11q ucst as of the tlays of M on tc. zuma. Th name, at thi: roomer t, is as familiar to every Tr1<1ian, Pucbla, Apache, and NavaJO·, as that of our aviour or \Vashington is to u~ .. In the per~on of Montezuma, tltey unite both qualities of diYtntty and palnot. r Ex. Doc. No. 41. • ()!) We passed to-day the ruins of lwo more villng s similar to those of ye. t crday. Tht• foundation of ll ~c larg<·st house sect~ ) <.·:tcrc!ay was 60 by 20 feet; to-dar, 40 by .30. About no11' dul we {ll)tl any, est igc•s of till' me~·haruca.l nrls, t•. l'l'pt tit<' pottery; Ute ~tone for min O' thr stlpposcd iouudatLOn wa~ round and unhew11, and ~ome cedar l~ gs w ·re also found about ,th · house~, nnu·.h d (':lY ·d., bearing n 0 mark of an · d g c <l tool. 1•... x c <' p t t b l s l: rut n s, o f w} 1 ll' h. not 011 ' stone r c main<' d u p on an o t lt <.' r, no marks o I h ur11 an hands or footst 'P have bc<.:n vis iule for many days , un~il t~-day '~'c can~t· upon a place whnc tb •r · had b f'll an t.:dl'llSIVC ftrr. ~ ol low 1llg Lhc cour..c of this fire, as it bared the ground of tbc ~hruLb ·ry , and e.' po 'C<l the ~oil, &c., to view, I f~urHl wh.at was to us .a very .~rt:at ·vegetable curiosity, a (';~c~u., 1 tn('l~cs lltglJ, and l 111 ~·~H·~ 111 1ls crrcatcst diameter, cont<un111g 20 vcrtrntl volutt·s, arm<.•d wt1h stro1q; spines. \Vhen the travel! •r is pa.rehe,1, with thirst, one of tlt<"sP, split open will crive sufiicienl liquid to aP'ord reli e f. SeH•ral of' these cacti'wcrc i~nllld nearly torn from the cartlt , and lying in the dry b •d of a stream. Thcs and the lllC2<ptitc, acacia, prosopi' otlorata, and prosopis 1r I and ul o sa, n o w for m t h r p r in (' i p al o· row t h . lJ n d c r t h e n a rn e m L' z~ uitc, the voyacreur t·ompri .es all the acaria and prosopis family. Last n1 g ht, about nin' o' ·lock, 1 lr<.•ard tltc yell of a ~volf', r('scmb1ing that of a four months' old pup. In a few mrr1u1es there "\\·as a n o i~e like distant tl1undcr. "~tamp<·de !" shouted a fvllnw, and in an instant every man was among~t th' mn1cs. vVith on • r us li t h c y h a d h r o k en ,. c r y r o p <' ; a11 d 1 hi s m o r n i n g, w h <' n \\' c s t art c d , o n e o f o u r m u l e s w a s m is~ in g , v hi (' h g a v ' us i 11 fin i t e annoyanc . Our party is so economically JHO\·idcd that we roul <l not alford to los ev '11 a mule, and I left four m<'n to look it up, who did not rejoin us till ni ght. A question arose invo1ving as rious point of mountain law, which cli fl'ers som('what from prairie law. One of my party capt ured a bt'autil'ul dun colore.! mule, which wa · e1aimc(l by another pnr1y; thP one elaiming tlH' priz(' for having first st'en tlte a11irnal and theu catching tl w i l fl t h e l a z 0 . '1' h c () t b ('\' p h· ad l' d () w ll (' r s h i p 0 r t h e r 0 p \ ' ll :w d a s a 1 a z o, as it tiL lt• . ll w ::t s s clll e d to t h s ;t tis !'ad ion of th e fi r st. The mule wa one which Carson had left on his way out, and on being asked why he did not clctirn it, he ·aid it was too young to be us ful in packing, a1Hl as we now had pll'nty of beef', it would not be required for food, and he clid not C'arC' about it. October 26.-Soon af't<·r l c<1Ving camp, tbc uanks of the riv('r h('camc gullied on ach side by deep an<l i~npa!' able arroyos. This drove us inscn~ibly to the mountains, untd at length we found ourselve.~ some thousand feet above the river, and it was nol until we had made sixteen milc.•s that we again desc<'ndcd to tL This distance oecupicd ('ighL and a half hours of incessant toil to the men, and mi ery to our b st mules. ~ome did not reach camp at all, and when the day dawnccl one or two, who had lost their way, \\'Cre seen on the sid of tl1e mountain, wtthin a few steps of a high precipice, from which it required some skill to ·xtricale th m. The m~n named this pass "the Devil's turnpike," and I see no reason to 5 |